British Imperialism In Africa Essay Research Paper free essay sample

British Imperialism In Africa Essay, Research Paper The motivations of Britain # 8217 ; s imperialist activities in Africa from 1869 to 1912 were strategic and defensive. While other motivations did be, such as to colonise, to seek for new markets and stuffs, to achieve retaliation and universe prestigiousness, to change over indigens to Christianity, and to distribute the English manner of orderly authorities, the chief motivations evident in many events of the period showed efforts to safeguard the state and protect former land retentions. As its free trade and influential relationship with Africa was threatened, Britain began to turn trade understandings into stronger and more formal associated states and even settlements. Britain acted to protect the path E and its connexion with the Indian Empire. Rather than to spread out the British Empire, Britain fought conflicts over district to forestall Gallic or German control in Africa. Britain # 8217 ; s imperialist engagement in the scramble for Africa occurred in response to the actions of the Gallic and even German. Britain had a history of African trade understandings and, compared to its European opposite numbers, the highest grade of control in Africa. France and Britain began an earnest race for the Niger in 1883, holding so to split the district # 8211 ; Lagos to Britain and Timbuktu for France. This did non neutralize the competition, nevertheless. Britain had to move in Nigeria ( 1885 ) and Nyasaland ( 1891 ) to protect bing domains of commercial and missional activities. France # 8217 ; s scheme to declare its # 8220 ; right of business # 8221 ; and so seek dialogue farther urged Britain # 8217 ; s aggressive care of district. The British annexed Bechuanaland ( 1885 ) partially to guard against the Germans ; partially to forestall its soaking up by the Transvaal, which would hold increased the power of the Boers. ( Faber 57-58 ) Subsequently, in 1888, the Gallic threatened the Britain dominated Nile Valley, suggesting they might deviate the H2O of the Nile to render the country useless. In East Africa the British had strategic motivations to protect the Suez Canal and the path to the E. As the scramble exploded in the 1880s, Britain was all of a sudden challenged for her right to trade and behavior fiscal and military concern. # 8220 ; The premier object was defensive [ in the 1880ss ] , as it had been under Disraeli: the bar of serious inroads on British power ; the expectancy of other powers, when strategically necessary, in the # 8216 ; Scramble for Africa # 8217 ; ; the protection of the path to India and the East. The safety of the Suez Canal had already go a central point of British policy. # 8221 ; ( Faber 57 ) The first confrontation over the path to the E between Britain and France occurred in Egypt. Gallic pride over a new Egyptian canal, built in 1869, was surging. It was suddenly grounded in 1875, nevertheless, by a furtive British purchase of the bulk portion in the Suez Canal. A doubtful balance of power was achieved through affaire dhonneur Anglo-French control of Egypt. Britain was able to predominate over France during the Egyptian Crisis, as the Gallic authorities did non let Gallic engagement in surrounding the rebellion. This afforded the British a opportunity to re-establish their function in universe military laterality. These struggles were clearly non for the intent of pecuniary addition on Britain # 8217 ; s portion. The Economist observed in 1892 that East Africa was # 8216 ; likely an unprofitable ownership # 8217 ; ; it was chiefly for strategic grounds that the authorities held on to it. By 1893, France was still non accommodate to Britain # 8217 ; s function in the Nile Valley. They tried to follow through on earlier menaces to deviate the headwaters of the Nile to lay waste to the vale. An expedition headed by Jean-Baptiste Marchand eventually departed in 1896 and marched from the West seashore to Fashoda, a metropolis on the upper Nile. Britain responded to rumours of this expedition by telling that an army lead by Herbert Horatio Kitchener conquest the Sudan in order to protect the Nile from the Gallic. Kitchener crushed the politically breakaway Sudanese, winning the celebrated Battle of Omdurman in 1898. He took Khartoum and moved on to Fashoda by September, where Marchand had been camped out since April. Britain and France teetered on the threshold of war, which was eventually averted by careful handling by both Marchand and Kitchener. Britain # 8217 ; s action in South Africa helped to protect their connexion to the Indian Empire. They officially annexed South Africa in 1877, acknowledging this might take to a decrease of British duties South Africa. It was besides of import that they maintain their control to maintain other powers from acquiring a bridgehead. The Boer War ended in 1902, while the Transvaal was given self-rule by Britain 1906. Britain was non an provoker in the scramble for Africa, but instead a reactionist state who responded to the actions of other forces. As Gallic and German forces threatened loose trade trades, Britain set up associated states and settlements. As British retentions in Egypt and in East Africa were threatened, Britain fought to keep its power.

Top 15 Tips for the ACT Exam

Top 15 Tips for the ACT Exam ACT got you down? Scared pantsless about what’s in store for you when you drag yourself into the testing center for this multiple-choice exam? Well, button it up. The following ACT tips are going to get you a better ACT score. So memorize these bad boys, okay? No cheat sheets are allowed. Top 15 ACT Tips Answer Every Question Yes, even the hard ones. You won’t be penalized for guessing like you would if you were taking the old SAT test. For the record, the Redesigned SAT exam, which was first administered in March 2016, doesnt penalize for wrong answers anymore, either. Use POE Before Guessing POE is process of elimination. Each question will have at least one answer that’s way out there. Physically cross off that answer so you won’t be tempted to use it, and you’ll up your odds of guessing correctly. Then go back and see if you can cross off at least one more. Start Easy Answer all of the easy questions first, then move on to the difficult ones. The longer, more difficult questions arent worth any more points than the easier questions. So get all the points you can as fast as you can. Memorize the Directions During the test, you won’t get extra time to read the directions, so if you take five minutes to figure out what to do, that’s five fewer minutes you’ll have to get points. Don’t Doodle On the answer sheet, that is. The ACT is graded by a machine; if your chicken scratch interferes with the reading mechanism, you could miss out on points. Keep the sheet of ovals as clean as is possible. Erase Completely Bring two erasers: one for the heavy-duty erasing you may need to do and another clean eraser to fix up your ovals completely. You don’t want erasure marks mucking up your answers and causing you to lose points. Pace Yourself On some test sections, you’ll have a little less than 30 seconds to answer each question, so keep that in mind. Don’t spend three minutes staring off into space or rereading a longer passage; stay focused. Bring a Watch Archaic, yes, what with your cell phone and all, but since you won’t be able to have your cell phone with you, bring a watch. There’s no guarantee you’ll be testing in a room with a working clock. Reconsider the Obvious If an answer seems too easy, it may just be. Be sure to read every answer choice and select the best possible answer. The obvious choice may be a distracter. Don’t Second-Guess If you marked B for question 18, there was probably a good reason for it, so don’t go back and change it, unless youve found information in a later part of the test to disprove your original theory. Statistics prove that your first guess is usually the best one. Come Back to Toughies If you’re stuck between two answer choices, circle the question and come back to it with fresh eyes after you’ve answered the other questions. Remember, you have to pace yourself. Cross-Check Ovals Every five questions or so, double-check your answer sheet to make sure you haven’t skipped an oval. There’s nothing worse than getting to the end of a test and realizing you missed filling in an oval somewhere and having to erase everything. Bring Your Own Calculator The test center will not provide you with one, so bring an approved calculator for easier math work. (All the questions can be answered without one, but bring one anyway.) Outline Before Writing If you’re taking the essay, be sure to take five out of the 40 minutes and plan before you write. It isn’t a waste of time; the scorers are looking for well-organized essays. The best way to get one is to plan ahead with either an outline or graphic organizer. Practice You’ve heard it before, but it’s really the truth. Buy an ACT prep book, and answer every single question in it. You’ll gain confidence and a lot of extra points by doing so. These 15 tips may just be lifesavers when you’re taking the ACT, so be sure to follow them all.

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 8

Business Law - Essay Example It is an association of two or more people carrying on a business for profit. Maximum number of partner is 20 but in case of bank, it is only 10. There must be an agreement written or oral. As same as sole proprietorship, partnership has unlimited liability which means the partners are personally liable to pay off the debt if the business is not capable to do so. Limited Partnership: A limited partnership is one in which one ore more but not all partners have limited liability. There must be at least one general partner whose liability will be unlimited to pay all debts of the firm. This type of organization is best for funding a business. As per wiseGEEK.com, the limited partner generally has limited or no managerial authority. (wiseGEEK). To obtain a status of a limited partnership, the partners must get it registered with the registrar of partnership. It must also be kept in mind that a limited partner cannot withdraw any amount of his capital. If he does so, he will stay liable for the debts up to his original contribution of capital. C-Corporation: It is also called Traditional Corporation. A C-company is a legal form of business entity. Corporation is best for establishing a business on a large scale. It has no limit for number of shareholders even foreign citizens. It has limited liability which means shareholders are not personally liable to pay off company’s debt. Tax is imposed twice; first on the profit of the company and then on the dividends of the shareholders. In addition to this, corporation tax is paid regularly. A corporation may be a Public Limited or Private Limited. In Public Limited, shares are offered for sale to general public and have no limit to the maximum number of share holders. In Private Limited, shares are not sold to general public and the maximum number of shareholders is 50. Issuing prospect and obtaining commencement certificate are not necessary for a Public Limited but mandatory for Private

(the main differences between the NRA method of measurement , and Assignment

(the main differences between the NRA method of measurement , and CESMM3) Civil engineering measurement - Assignment Example It is not measured to construction joints, holes, ducts, sockets, mortices and the like that do not exceed 0.15 cubic meters in volume. The edge of blinding concrete should be less or equal to 75mm. An inclination angle of less than 15Â ° to horizontal plane is required. The pipes are measured in linear meters and made of clay, concrete, iron, steel, polyvinyl and glass reinforced plastic. The depth of excavation depends on the nominal pipe diameter and type of material for the pipe (CESSM3, 1991 p.48). NRA dwells puts a lot of emphasis on drainage and service ducts include drains, sewers, piped culverts and service ducts. It does not include filter drains, narrow filter drains and fin drains. The unit of measurement is linear meters. The measurement done from the center line between; For depth inverts that do not exceed 2m, average depth of invert to be stated the nearest 25mm. If the depths to invert exceed 2m but less than 4m and in steps of 2m, again the average depth must be stated to the nearest 25mm. From the CESSM3 point of view, unit of measurement for executed works is in sum form apart from scenarios where there is a specified unit of measurement. The divisions included are; contractual, specified requirements, method related charges, provisional sum and the rest. Contractual requirements are classified into performance bond, insurance of works and third party insurance. Specified requirements refer to accommodation, services, equipment, attendance for engineers’ staff and the like. The method-related charges focus on accommodation, services, temporary works, supervision and labour and plant. Provisional sums are measured in terms of day work and include; labour, materials, plant and their respective percentage adjustment. Method-related charges are inserted by the tenderer in the Bill of Quantities (CESSM3, 1991 p.16). NRA classifies this section under preliminaries and

Research Methods Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Methods - Research Proposal Example The points and techniques that such data use to analyze research data are expounded in a manner to capture the essence. Data analysis refers to the assessment of data or information using methods that will establish the trends, relationships, and patterns, which can be initiated in the data. Hence, it involves subjecting data to statistical procedures to create relationships that exist between variables. There are two types of data, quantitative Data that requires collected information that can be interpreted into numbers and qualitative data. The composition includes opinions, quotes, and descriptions that are collected. Data analysis helps to identify if there was any substantial change in the variables that are dependent and can bring about power in the data. Data analysis can also reveal factors that produce changes in the variables that are dependent. It also establishes the power that exists among different conditions, which affect the evaluation results. The analysis of data of the organization is associated with some limitations. Most of the results evaluated only experiment a sample of the group, so it does not fully embody the organization as a whole. When statistics is misused, it leads to substantial errors that can bring about devastating decision making in an organization. On the other hand, techniques applied correctly, the interpretation of the results may be difficult to an organization that has no expertise. The significance statistical data of a trend computes the level in which the trend could be influenced by variations in the random sample might not be in agreement with its significance. In addition, experts may interpret data that only favors an organization exempting out data that could be useful for future use. Data coding refers to a systematic method to reduce large sets of data into smaller units that can be analyzed by designing categories and derivative concepts from the data. Coding will be developed when testing

History Of The Hyundai Motor Company Commerce Essay

History Of The Hyundai Motor Company Commerce Essay Hyundai Motor Company, a major company in the Hyundai Kia Automotive Group which is the worlds fifth largest automaker as of the end of 2009, (In 2008, Hyundai ranked the eighth largest auto maker, without including Kia.) and the worlds fastest growing automaker. Headquartered in Seoul, South Korea, Hyundai operates the worlds largest integrated automobile manufacturing facility in Ulsan, which is capable of producing 1.6 million units annually. The company employs about 75,000 persons around the world, Hyundai vehicles are sold in 193 countries through some 6,000 dealerships and showrooms worldwide. The Hyundai logo, a slanted, stylized H, symbolizes the company shaking hands with its customer. Hyundai translates from the word modernity, and is pronounced as Hyon-dae in Korean. Chung Ju-Yung founded the Hyundai Engineering and Construction Company in 1947. Hyundai Motor Company was later established in 1967. The companys first model, the Cortina, was released in cooperation with Ford Motor Company in 1968. When Hyundai wanted to develop their own car, they hired George Turnbull, the former Managing Director of Austin Morris at British Leyland. He in turn hired five other top British car engineers. They were Kenneth Barnett body design, engineers John Simpson and Edward Chapman, John Crosthwaite as chassis engineer and Peter Slater as chief development engineer. In 1975, the Pony, the first Korean car, was released, with styling by Giorgio Giugiaro of Italian Design and power train technology provided by Japans Mitsubishi Motors. Exports began in the following year to Ecuador and soon thereafter to the Benelux countries. In 1991, the company succeeded in developing its first proprietary gasoline engine, the four-cylinder Alpha, and transmission, thus paving the way for technological independence. In 1983, Hyundai exported the Pony to Canada, but not to the United States because the Pony didnt pass emissions standards there. Canadian sales greatly exceeded expectations, and it was at one point the top-selling car on the Canadian market. The Pony afforded a much higher degree of quality and refinement in the lowest price auto segment than the Eastern-bloc imports of the period then available. In 1986, Hyundai began to sell cars in the United States, and the Excel was nominated as Best Product #10 by Fortune magazine, largely because of its affordability. The company began to produce models with its own technology in 1988, beginning with the midsize Sonata. In 1998, Hyundai began to overhaul its image in an attempt to establish itself as a world-class brand. Chung Ju Yung transferred leadership of Hyundai Motor to his son, Chung Mong Koo, in 1999. Hyundais parent company, Hyundai Motor Group, invested heavily in the quality, design, manufacturing, and long-term research of its vehicles. It added a 10-year or 100,000-mile (160,000 km) warranty to cars sold in the United States and launched an aggressive marketing campaign. In 2004, Hyundai was ranked second in initial quality in a survey/study by J.D. Power and Associates. Hyundai is now one of the top 100 most valuable brands worldwide. Since 2002, Hyundai has also been one of the worldwide official sponsors of the FIFA World Cup. Hyundai has invested in manufacturing plants in the North America, China, Czech Republic, Pakistan, India, and Turkey as well as research and development centers in Europe, Asia, North America, and the Pacific Rim. In 2004, Hyundai Motor Company had $57.2 billion in sales in South Korea making it the countrys second largest corporation. Worldwide sales in 2005 reached 2,533,695 units, an 11 percent increase over the previous year. Hyundai has set as its 2006 target worldwide sales of 2.7 million units (excluding exports of CKD kits). In 2007 it reached 3,961,629 worldwide vehicle sales-surpassing Fiat, Chrysler, PSA/Peugeot, Nissan, and Honda. Hyundai Motor Companys brand power continues to rise as it was ranked 72nd in the 2007 Best Global Brands by Interbrand and BusinessWeek survey. Brand value estimated at $4.5 billion. Public perception of the Hyundai brand has been transformed as a result of dramatic improvements in the quality of Hyundai vehicles. Hyundai is one of the leading groups of Companies founded in South Korea. It is the general trading house of Korea, which provides various import and export services. There are several types of products are included in its import and export services such as plants machinery, automobiles, steel and chemical products, general commodities etc. Firstly it was founded as the construction company then the management of the company diversified its business activities in various business areas. The corporation operates its business worldwide through 34 worldwide offices. Through its global presence, it provides optimal solutions to the customer according their requirements. It is helpful to enhance its financial capability in the industry. Hyundai Motor Company is one of the divisions of the Hyundai Corporation, which is the fourth largest automaker in the world. Hyundai Heavy Industries division is the largest shipbuilder in the world (Hyundai Corporation, 2010). Internal Environment Analysis The analysis of the internal environment is an important component for the business as it helps to determine the effectiveness of the management strategies and the threats, which may cause problem for the organization. For the internal and external analysis the SWOT analysis tool could be used. The SWOT analysis tool would help to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of an organization. The internal environment analysis of the Hyundai can be analyzed through the analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the organization Strenghs: Diversified business activities The Company is involved in the diversified business segments as it provides several types of import and export services to its customer worldwide. It is the largest automaker in Asia and fourth largest automaker in world, which enhance its effectiveness in global exposure. It also helps to capture a large amount of customer worldwide. Information gathering capability -The information gathering capability of the company is effective as it obtains prompt and extensive information from its sources worldwide. It also uses the advanced trading techniques to obtain the extensive information. Quality advantages The quality of the Hyundai automobile is better than the other manufacturers in Asia as owners of Hyundai cars are experiencing less problems from the owners, who obtains other brand. Sound financial position The Hyundai Corporation is enjoying a continuous increase in its sales revenue worldwide, which is also causing an increase in the net income of the business (Hyundai Motor Company, 2010). The business activities are operated in ethical and social manner, which causes an increase in the image of the company in the society. Weaknesses: An increase in the cost of production is reducing the net income of the company. It is also imposing commodity price risks on the company as the price of inputs such as steel, plastic, aluminum etc. The company is also experiencing the exchange rate risk because of the worldwide business activities. The exchange rate risk is affecting the total revenue of the business. The fluctuation in the foreign exchange rates is affecting the business performance as it is involved in the import and export of several services. Increase in debt to equity ratio The Company is also experiencing an increase in the debt equity ratio, which exhibits an increase in the interest expenses of the company. The external financial obligation is also increasing, which may create financial problems for Hyundai (Hyundai Motor Company, 2010). Analysis of the External Environment The business of Hyundai also operates in the external environment and there are several opportunities and threats are produced by the external environment for the company. The analysis of the opportunities and threats helps to achieve the competitive position for the company. The analysis of the external factors is beneficial for the company if it is performed effectively and efficiently. Hyundai is one of the leading companies in the automobile industry and it has the following opportunities and threats Opportunities: Entry in ship building business It is the leading company in the heavy industry and entry in the ship building business would be effective for the business in order to enhance its revenue and market share as well. New project development The launching and development of the new projects and products would also cause an increase in the performance of the business in the industry. The increase in the demand for fuel efficient vehicles would also cause the success of the new launched projects and products. Business expansion Hyundai also have the opportunity of the business expansion as it is an Asian company and had the opportunity of expanding its business in Asian Pacific Market. Reduction in cost The Company operates its business in several countries around the globe and it can reduce its cost of production by enhancing the production capacity in the countries with lower amount of cost (Hyundai Motor Company, 2010). Threats: Environment regulations The environment regulations are posing threats for the business as diversification of the business may cause the violation of the environmental regulations. Declining economy The decline in the economy is also causing a decrease in the market position of the company as well as also reducing the market capitalization of it. Political problems The business unit in the different countries may cause the problems for the business (Hyundai Motor Company, 2010). Environmental Analysis In the present contemporary environment every business operates its business activities in highly competitive environment. There are various environmental factors, which influences the operation of the organization. Entry 2 Effect of Economic Environment The Company is operating with a rapid economic growth in the business by capturing the environmental opportunities. The increase in the value of currency of Korea against the US dollar is also causing an increase in the profits of the business from the foreign business activities. Labor is not cheap in Korea but increase in the production capacity in the nations with lower wage rate is reducing overall cost of the business. In 2009, Hyundai Motor Company succeeded in selling 2.4 million vehicles overseas, a meaningful accomplishment considering the global economic crisis. In particular, Elantra, Genesis, Genesis Coupe, Santa Fe, and Veracruz were recognized as the best and safest cars in their categories by leading agencies and the media in the US. Also, Hyundai achieved cumulative export sales of 1 million cars in Africa during the 33 years since it first began exporting to the region. Hyundai Motor Company pledges continuous growth by maximizing brand value in developed markets and expanding its sales capacity in emerging markets. Entry 3 Effect of Industry Environment Hyundai Motor Company was named Carmaker of the Year by AM, UKs leading auto trade magazine, in the AM Awards 2010. Carmaker of the Year is awarded to companies that launch innovative vehicles that pioneer changes in the auto industry through continuous investment in RD and advanced dealer network programs. Highly recognized for its sharp sales increase, first-rate dealership programs, and growth in brand awareness, Hyundai Motor Company beat other candidates including Ford, Jaguar, and Landrover to be selected as the winner of the coveted title. In 2008, UKs Autocar selected Hyundai Motor Company as Automaker of the Year, praising Hyundai for having grown into a top-class global automaker with its competitive products. Entry 4 Effect of Political and Legal Environment The increase in the relationship between the different countries and their government is a good indicator for the business of Hyundai as it operates its business in various countries. It would generate business expansion opportunity for Hyundai. In order to ensure the proper compliance of the business activities with the applicable legislation, the corporation works on certain guidelines for the different business operation in different countries. It is essential as every country has different rules and business regulations. Entry 5 Effect of Socio-cultural environment The socio-cultural factors also affect the business effectiveness and performance. The business of Hyundai is operated in the several countries worldwide and the society and culture of those countries are entirely different (Wessels, 2000). The management of the company operates its business by studying the social and cultural factors of the country effectively. Entry 6 Effect of Ethical Environment Hyundai Corp. introduced Ethics Management at the beginning of year 2004, to build the basis for survival on its own and to seek mutual benefit of all parties involved including customers and business partners etc. by preventing moral hazard of the employees and implementing transparent, responsible, and honest management. The company organized its Ethics Management Office, with the Executive Director of the Corporate Planning Personnel Management Office serving as the Chief Ethics Officer, and also established the Principles of Business Conduct, the Code of Conduct, and the Self-Review Questionnaire. The Questionnaire pops up from the initial windows screen every day during the first week of any month when the employees check in to the intranet system, to remind them of and draw their voluntary participation to the idea and pursuit of Ethics Management in practice. Special training and educational sessions on best practices of ethical management from leading corporations and institutions will be presented regularly to the staff. All the members of the company have submitted his or her own pledge of compliance to the various ethics codes, and those in violation will be subject to discipline by the Human Resources Committee following due examination by the Ethics Management Office. Entry 7 Effect of Technological Environment The management of the company is continuously involved in using world class technology in order to achieve technological advancement. The use of most modern technologies causes an increase in customer service effectiveness. Financial data The business strategies of Hyundai are to increase the opportunities through the environmental factors is effective as it is causing an increase in the number of sales units continuously. But in the last year the economic factors has affected the sales of the business as total number of units sold were 1668745 in the year 2008, which is less in comparison of the year 2007 in which it was 1700297 units (Hyundai Motor Company, 2010). The decrease in the sales was domestically due to fluctuation in the current rate as well as in commodity rate. Recommendation There are various alternative strategies, which can be adopted by the management of Hyundai in order to improve business performance such as integration strategy, growth strategy etc. The company should use the integration strategy to expand the business worldwide. It would be beneficial for the business as it would reduce the impact of political and legal factors on the business operations. The affect of the economic factors would also be less due to proper knowledge of the customer behavior, their buying pattern in an effective manner. Implementation of Strategy Hyundai could implement the integration strategy in an effective manner through its diverse workforce and business activities. The diverse workforce would be beneficial to develop the motivation techniques within the organization according to their culture and beliefs (Ryall Craig, 2003). For the effective implementation of the integration strategy the management of the company should develop a proper plan related to the various aspects of the business operations. Evaluation Control Implementation of the integration strategy is not sufficient itself for the business effectiveness. The evaluation of the business effectiveness in timely manner is essential for rapid growth of the business. Company administration should periodically review its implementation process which is necessary for its efficient applications and future results (Ryall Craig, 2003). This step makes implementation process effective.

Main Objectives of Financial Management

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT The main objectives of financial management are:- 1. Profit maximization : The main objective of financial management is profit maximization. The finance manager tries to earn maximum profits for the company in the short-term and the long-term. He cannot guarantee profits in the long term because of business uncertainties. However, a company can earn maximum profits even in the long-term, if:- i. The Finance manager takes proper financial decisions. ii. He uses the finance of the company properly. 2.Wealth maximization : Wealth maximization (shareholders' value maximization) is also a main objective of financial management. Wealth maximization means to earn maximum wealth for the shareholders. So, the finance manager tries to give a maximum dividend to the shareholders. He also tries to increase the market value of the shares. The market value of the shares is directly related to the performance of the company. Better the performance, higher is the market value o f shares and vice-versa. So, the finance manager must try to maximise shareholder's value. . Proper estimation of total financial requirements : Proper estimation of total financial requirements is a very important objective of financial management. The finance manager must estimate the total financial requirements of the company. He must find out how much finance is required to start and run the company. He must find out the fixed capital and working capital requirements of the company. His estimation must be correct. If not, there will be shortage or surplus of finance. Estimating the financial requirements is a very difficult job.The finance manager must consider many factors, such as the type of technology used by company, number of employees employed, scale of operations, legal requirements, etc. 4. Proper mobilisation : Mobilisation (collection) of finance is an important objective of financial management. After estimating the financial requirements, the finance manager must d ecide about the sources of finance. He can collect finance from many sources such as shares, debentures, bank loans, etc. There must be a proper balance between owned finance and borrowed finance.The company must borrow money at a low rate of interest. 5. Proper utilisation of finance : Proper utilisation of finance is an important objective of financial management. The finance manager must make optimum utilisation of finance. He must use the finance profitable. He must not waste the finance of the company. He must not invest the company's finance in unprofitable projects. He must not block the company's finance in inventories. He must have a short credit period. 6. Maintaining proper cash flow : Maintaining proper cash flow is a short-term objective of financial management.The company must have a proper cash flow to pay the day-to-day expenses such as purchase of raw materials, payment of wages and salaries, rent, electricity bills, etc. If the company has a good cash flow, it can take advantage of many opportunities such as getting cash discounts on purchases, large-scale purchasing, giving credit to customers, etc. A healthy cash flow improves the chances of survival and success of the company. 7. Survival of company : Survival is the most important objective of financial management.The company must survive in this competitive business world. The finance manager must be very careful while making financial decisions. One wrong decision can make the company sick, and it will close down. 8. Creating reserves : One of the objectives of financial management is to create reserves. The company must not distribute the full profit as a dividend to the shareholders. It must keep a part of it profit as reserves. Reserves can be used for future growth and expansion. It can also be used to face contingencies in the future. 9.Proper coordination : Financial management must try to have proper coordination between the finance department and other departments of the company . 10. Create goodwill : Financial management must try to create goodwill for the company. It must improve the image and reputation of the company. Goodwill helps the company to survive in the short-term and succeed in the long-term. It also helps the company during bad times. 11. Increase efficiency : Financial management also tries to increase the efficiency of all the departments of the company.Proper distribution of finance to all the departments will increase the efficiency of the entire company. 12. Financial discipline : Financial management also tries to create a financial discipline. Financial discipline means:- i. To invest finance only in productive areas. This will bring high returns (profits) to the company. ii. To avoid wastage and misuse of finance. 13. Reduce cost of capital : Financial management tries to reduce the cost of capital. That is, it tries to borrow money at a low rate of interest.The finance manager must plan the capital structure in such a way that the c ost of capital it minimised. 14. Reduce operating risks : Financial management also tries to reduce the operating risks. There are many risks and uncertainties in a business. The finance manager must take steps to reduce these risks. He must avoid high-risk projects. He must also take proper insurance. 15. Prepare capital structure : Financial management also prepares the capital structure. It decides the ratio between owned finance and borrowed finance. It brings a proper balance between the different sources of. apital. This balance is necessary for liquidity, economy, flexibility and stability. How are financial market and financial services regulated in India? In this context briefly examine the role of SEBI? Financial regulators in India have been obligated to inter alia undertake the development of the market. This has been expressively incorporated in the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) Act, Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (Irda) Act, and is propo sed in the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority Bill (PFRDA) since reintroduced in the Rajya Sabha.The Reserve Bank of India (RBI), until the constitution of sector regulators like Sebi, Irda, etc, undertook the responsibility of developing various segments of the financial market. Setting up of institutions like the Industrial Development Bank of India ( IDBI), Unit Trust of India (UTI), National Housing Bank (NHB) and National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development ( Nabard) and so on, establishes historical track of the role played by the RBI in the development of the financial markets.At the conclusion of my presentation as Sebi chairman in one of the Neemrana Conferences; an annual event jointly organised by the National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) and the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), US, Martin Feldstein, the then-chairman of NBER, asked me how could Indian capital market undergo so many fast-paced reforms (after the 2001 marke t scam), and was visibly surprised to hear that Sebi has been legislatively obligated to develop the market as well and eventually became the driver of development.Market and its constituents were persuaded, albeit compelled, to march along the route charted out by the regulator. Here, it might be worthwhile to reflect on the growth and development of the insurance, asset management and pension markets, which has been stagnating for the last three years. The market participants in all the sectors bemoan that the growth has been torpedoed by the fast-paced regulatory changes ushered in by the concerned regulators.The regulatory authorities, on the other hand, profess that the regulatory changes were warranted to protect the interest of the investors. It has also been argued, on occasions, that the environment and functioning of the market necessitated the changes to prevent possible scam and/or the market collapse. However, it appears significant part of the reform's inspiration has been drawn from the practices in the developed markets and even thelocalisation, albeit customisation, has not been woven in some of the areas.The questions that prominently surface are: (a) whether regulatory changes have helped or adversely impacted the growth and development of the market, and (b) whether investors' interests have actually been protected. Answers to these questions would require putting the ethos of the market in perspective. There is no gainsaying that financial illiteracy is rampant in the country. The malaise is not limited to rural and/or the illiterate masses. Low level of understanding of financial products and lack of self-propelled actualisation to buy is widespread even among the educated elite in metropolitan towns.Groping deeper in the basket of reforms reveals that sudden and drastic reduction or elimination of intermediation fees seems to have had lethal impact on the existence and sustainability of the intermediaries' structure — both tied an d third party. Some have gone out of business — the number of insurance agents has gone down by over three lakh during the last year alone — and quite a few others are on brink of disengagement. The imposition of the regulatory direction of customer paying the fees for the advice as against the age-old practice of being woven in the pricing could not be absorbed.This is just an example of what choked the growth of the mutual fund industry. Savings and disposable incomes are finding their way into the ‘gold rush' notwithstanding prices going through the roof. Investment in gold does not add to the growth of economy, as it is a locked investment and very little leveraging is done. It is well understood that the regulator has to architect a framework that ensures efficient functioning of the market and protects investors' interests. However, this has to be achieved without impacting the growth and development of the market, at least in medium-to-long term.Contractio n of growth in a developing economy has the potential of a double whammy. The economy does not get the required resources; impacting the GDP growth and rise in disposable incomes, culminating into deceleration of financial market with multiple cascading effects. The savers miss the opportunity of profiting from the potentials of the economy. In fact, it is customary in most developed markets to undertake a pre-study of the cost of regulatory changes with an evaluation of the benefits to judge the trade of between cost and benefits.The level of development of financial markets suggests that it is time for Indian regulators to begin the practice of undertaking such an exercise before embarking upon designing and implementing the new regulatory regime. At this point in time when the economy needs to grow at a level higher than 8. 5%, the growth of the financial sectors, which is critical, has to be ensured. It is an accepted dictum that securing an aspired rate of GDP growth requires r oughly four times that rate as investment. The financial services industry is the enabler.A revisit of the regulatory craft is imminently desirable. Explain role of SEBI in regulating Indian Capital Market more deeply with following points: 1. Power to make rules for controlling stock exchange : SEBI has power to make new rules for controlling stock exchange in India. For example, SEBI fixed the time of trading 9 AM and 5 PM in stock market. 2. To provide license to dealers and brokers : SEBI has power to provide license to dealers and brokers of capital market. If SEBI sees that any financial product is of capital nature, then SEBI can also control to that product and its dealers.One of main example is ULIPs case. SEBI said, † It is just like mutual funds and all banks and financial and insurance companies who want to issue it, must take permission from SEBI. † 3. To Stop fraud in Capital Market : SEBI has many powers for stopping fraud in capital market. – It ca n ban on the trading of those brokers who are involved in fraudulent and unfair trade practices relating to stock market. – It can impose the penalties on capital market intermediaries if they involve in insider trading. 4.To Control the Merge, Acquisition and Takeover the companies : Many big companies in India want to create monopoly in capital market. So, these companies buy all other companies or deal of merging. SEBI sees whether this merge or acquisition is for development of business or to harm capital market. 5. To audit the performance of stock market : SEBI uses his powers to audit the performance of different Indian stock exchange for bringing transparency in the working of stock exchanges. 6. To make new rules on carry – forward transactions : a.Share trading transactions carry forward can not exceed 25% of broker's total transactions. b. 90 day limit for carry forward. 7. To create relationship with ICAI : ICAI is the authority for making new auditors of c ompanies. SEBI creates good relationship with ICAI for bringing more transparency in the auditing work of company accounts because audited financial statements are mirror to see the real face of company and after this investors can decide to invest or not to invest. Moreover, investors of India can easily trust on audited financial reports.After Satyam Scam, SEBI is investigating with ICAI, whether CAs are doing their duty by ethical way or not. 8. Introduction of derivative contracts on Volatility Index : For reducing the risk of investors, SEBI has now been decided to permit Stock Exchanges to introduce derivative contracts on Volatility Index, subject to the condition that; a. The underlying Volatility Index has a track record of at least one year. b. The Exchange has in place the appropriate risk management framework for such derivative contracts. 2.Before introduction of such contracts, the Stock Exchanges shall submit the following: i. Contract specifications ii. Position and Exercise Limits iii. Margins iv. The economic purpose it is intended to serve v. Likely contribution to market development vi. The safeguards and the risk protection mechanism adopted by the exchange to ensure market integrity, protection of investors and smooth and orderly trading. vii. The infrastructure of the exchange and the surveillance system to effectively monitor trading in such contracts, and viii. Details of settlement procedures & systems ix.Details of back testing of the margin calculation for a period of one year considering a call and a put option on the underlying with a delta of 0. 25 & -0. 25 respectively and actual value of the underlying. 9. To Require report of Portfolio Management Activities : SEBI has also power to require report of portfolio management to check the capital market performance. Recently, SEBI sent the letter to all Registered Portfolio Managers of India for demanding 10. To educate the investors : Time to time, SEBI arranges scheduled workshops to educate the investors. On 22 may 2010 SEBI imposed workshop.

Election in the Philippines Essay

â€Å"It is our choices that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities,† said Dumbledore of one of my favourite books, Harry Potter. Was my ‘direct speech’ properly-written? *stereotypical-cheerleader-giggle* Being a democratic country, we are given the opportunity to choose our country’s leaders in a marvel called ‘election’. But in a country where officials use their position for graft and corruption and enjoy a monopoly of political power to the disadvantage of rival leaders called â€Å"political dynasty†. Some of them even resort to unfair if not illegal means to keep their political rivals out of office: corruption, fraud, violence, vote-buying and intimidation. Graft and corruption in the Philippines has long been a topic of concern for those interested in improving the conditions in the area. The corruption of government officials and the failure of governmental leaders to use their position of power wisely has led to ongoing financial hardship throughout the nation and restricted its economic growth and cultural development. Since its inception, the Philippines has been known as an area suffering from such severe corruption. Moreover, the issue of political dynasties has heated up in relation to the 2013 candidates for the Senate who come from one and the same family or clan and thus bear the same surname as another senator, or President Aquino himself. In this sense, loud public criticism and some cynicism greeted the announcement of senatorial candidates for the 2013 elections. One set belongs to the majority coalition: Bam Aquino, the President’s cousin; Sen. Alan Peter, brother of Sen. Pia Cayetano and others. Under the banner of the United Nationalist Alliance, led by Vice President Jejomar Binay, the senatorial candidates include his eldest daughter, Nancy; Rep. Juan Ponce Enrile Jr. who would be joining his father, the Senate President; Rep. J.V. Ejercito who would join his brother, Sen. Jinggoy Estrada. In this rumpus, we can also cite many provinces and cities with political dynasties giving no opportunity to other aspiring leaders which may be more competent. The major problem—one of the major problems, for there are several—one of the many major problems with governing people is that of whom you get to do it; or rather of who manages to get people to let them do it to them. To summarize: it is a well-known fact that those people who must want to rule people are, *ipso facto, those least suited to do it. To summarize the summary: anyone who is capable of getting themselves made government ofiicials should on no account be allowed to do the job. This year is our chance to contend with this. Make shrewd decisions and choices because our choices will affect our future. In the long run, we shape our lives, and we shape ourselves. The process never ends until we die. And the choices we make are ultimately our own responsibility. You and I are essentially infinite choice-makers. In every moment of our existence, we are in that field of all possibilities where we have access to infinity of choices. Choices. Choices. Choices. You are doomed to make them. This is life’s greatest paradox. The chains continue to ignite. I am part of the chain; you are part of the chain. Can we be chains of positive change? For sure, none would claim he has seen three sides of a coin. Decisions, coming by two, are always placed in the individual’s capacity to discern truthfulness and goodness against fallacy or wickedness. Are you HEADing out for a brighter country free from corruption and poverty or are you TAILing down on a movement towards gloomy befouled Philippines?

How to Solve a Redox Reaction Problem

How to Solve a Redox Reaction Problem This is a worked example redox reaction problem showing how to calculate volume and concentration of reactants and products using a balanced redox equation. Key Takeaways: Redox Reaction Chemistry Problem A redox reaction is a chemical reaction in which reduction and oxidation occur.The first step in solving any redox reaction is to balance the redox equation. This is a chemical equation that must be balanced for charge as well as mass.Once the redox equation is balanced, use the mole ratio to find the concentration or volume of any reactant or product, provided the volume and concentration of any other reactant or product is known. Quick Redox Review A redox reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which reduction and oxidation occur. Because electrons are transferred between chemical species, ions form. So, to balance a redox reaction requires not only balancing mass (number and type of atoms on each side of the equation), but also charge. In other words, the number of positive and negative electrical charges on both sides of the reaction arrow are the same in a balanced equation. Once the equation is balanced, the mole ratio may be used to determine the volume or concentration of any reactant or product as long as the volume and concentration of any species is known. Redox Reaction Problem Given the following balanced redox equation for the reaction between MnO4- and Fe2 in an acidic solution: MnO4-(aq) 5 Fe2(aq) 8 H(aq) → Mn2(aq) 5 Fe3(aq) 4 H2O Calculate the volume of 0.100 M KMnO4 needed to react with 25.0 cm3 0.100 M Fe2 and the concentration of Fe2 in a solution if you know that 20.0 cm3 of solution reacts with 18.0 cm3 of 0.100 KMnO4. How to Solve Since the redox equation is balanced, 1 mol of MnO4- reacts with 5 mol of Fe2. Using this, we can obtain the number of moles of Fe2: moles Fe2 0.100 mol/L x 0.0250 L moles Fe2 2.50 x 10-3 mol Using this value: moles MnO4- 2.50 x 10-3 mol Fe2 x (1 mol MnO4-/ 5 mol Fe2) moles MnO4- 5.00 x 10-4 mol MnO4- volume of 0.100 M KMnO4 (5.00 x 10-4 mol) / (1.00 x 10-1 mol/L) volume of 0.100 M KMnO4 5.00 x 10-3 L 5.00 cm3 To obtain the concentration of Fe2 asked in the second part of this question, the problem is worked the same way except solving for the unknown iron ion concentration: moles MnO4- 0.100 mol/L x 0.180 L moles MnO4- 1.80 x 10-3 mol moles Fe2 (1.80 x 10-3 mol MnO4-) x (5 mol Fe2 / 1 mol MnO4) moles Fe2 9.00 x 10-3 mol Fe2 concentration Fe2 (9.00 x 10-3 mol Fe2) / (2.00 x 10-2 L) concentration Fe2 0.450 M Tips for Success When solving this type of problem, its important to check your work: Check to make certain the ionic equation is balanced. Make certain the number and type of atoms is the same on both sides of the equation. Make certain the net electrical charge is the same on both sides of the reaction.Be careful to work with the mole ratio between reactants and products and not the gram quantities. You may be asked to provide a final answer in grams. If so, work the problem using moles and then use the molecular mass of the species to convert between units. The molecular mass is the sum of the atomic weights of the elements in a compound. Multiply the atomic weights of atoms by any subscripts following their symbol. Dont multiply by the coefficient in front of the compound in the equation because youve already taken that into account by this point!Be careful to report moles, grams, concentration, etc., using the correct number of significant figures. Sources Schà ¼ring, J., Schulz, H. D., Fischer, W. R., Bà ¶ttcher, J., Duijnisveld, W. H., eds (1999). Redox: Fundamentals, Processes and Applications. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg ISBN 978-3-540-66528-1.Tratnyek, Paul G.; Grundl, Timothy J.; Haderlein, Stefan B., eds. (2011). Aquatic Redox Chemistry. ACS Symposium Series. 1071. ISBN 9780841226524.

Le Chambon essays

Le Chambon essays Happy are those Hungary and thirsty for justice, Lest innocent blood be shed in the land which the lord your god gives you an inheritance, and the guilt of any bloodshed be upon you. These prophetic words taken from the bible in Deuteronomy 19:1-13 are what the people of Le Chambon acted upon to save Jews and resist evil. During the most terrible years of World War II, when inhumanity and political insanity was manifested throughout the world, and when the Nazis conquering of Europe seemed irreversible and inevitable, a courageous uprising replete with morality and conscience took place in a small Protestant town in Southern France known as Le Chambon. Pastor Andr Trocme and his valiant supporters saved l lives in spite of the government of Vichy and the threats made against anyone who resisted. Le Chambons active but non violent refusal to accept the indomitable spirit of evil and brute power emphasized by the Nazis resulted in their rapid awakening to conscience, resistance and the necessity The struggle in Le Chambon initiated upon and ended in the isolation of peoples homes. Decisions that were often life and death turning points took place in the kitchen at the hands of women. Andr Trocmes practical wife Magda Trocme, exceedingly invited the first Jewish refugee into her home and therefore ignited a spark for the kitchen resistance against the Nazis. Non-violent resistance in the kitchens of these houses was a fight for the true liberation of their village. Secrecy was fundamental to the kitchen as it was to the resistance of Andr Trocme and his supporters in the church, and so was a minuscule amount of records. Magda was able to resist due to her astute sense of danger and alertness to when the Nazis were becoming suspicious. It was easy for t ...

The Importance of Religious Dialogue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Importance of Religious Dialogue - Essay Example Beverslius’ Sourcebook of the World's Religions: An Interfaith Guide to Religion and Spirituality, is a text that evaluates the search to engage in good dialogue between religions.   Beverslius’ Sourcebook of the World's Religions: An Interfaith Guide to Religion and Spirituality, is a text that evaluates the search to engage in good dialogue between religions.   It is clear that a community is centered on the commitment to individual faiths and ideologies; however there is a social need to build relationships by expressing mutual human care and searching for mutual human understanding.    Therefore, through the practicality of mutual concerns for political, social and ecological situations, there is a strong need for dialogue in order to live together and strive for mutual goals. Similarly, there is a form of dialogue that is designed to break down barriers of  prejudice, distrust and hatred in the religious world.   As stated in Netland’s Dissonant Vo ices: Religious Pluralism & the Question of Truth, â€Å"No religious tradition can claim to be free of religious prejudice or bigotry.†    I strongly believe that this statement is accurate, as the history of religions provides ample evidence of mutual â€Å"suspicion, hatred and ill will between religious traditions.†      There are two basic and important forms of dialogue that must take place in order to create this utopia that I firmly believe may be achieved.    The first form is based on understanding and appreciation with others that can contribute to a more accurate understanding of followers of other religions. Yet, there is also a kind of dialogue that has its objective in the "mutual comprehension of conflicting truth claims." 7 I find that there is an importance here to commit oneself to a more clear and accurate understanding of the basic beliefs of the other party and of course, clarification is essential in any similarities and differences betwe en beliefs. I find my beliefs to coincide with Julius Lipner, who states: "the purpose of dialogue today seems to me best fulfilled when participants redefine the limits and areas of facticity in their traditional truth claims: on the one hand, clearing away as lucidly as possible the tangled undergrowth of hitherto sacrosanct and

Deployment of windows 7 in an Enterprise Environment Term Paper - 1

Deployment of windows 7 in an Enterprise Environment - Term Paper Example In order to install windows 7 in a corporate network environment, custom image creation is required. Likewise, the image creation process incorporates seven key steps. However, custom image creation requires two workstations for a successful image creation process. Workstation 1 is named as ‘Technician workstation† and workstation 2 is named as â€Å"Reference workstation†. The technician workstation is utilized to implement tools and reference workstation assist to customize image (Building a standard image of windows 7: Systematic guide). Figure 1.1 illustrates columns for activities on each workstation (Building a standard image of windows 7: Step-by-step guide): The Windows Automated Installation kit provides the access of tools that are required to build custom image of Windows 7. Most importantly, it provides the access of an essential tool Image X, which will capture the image from the reference workstation along with the required files to build a startup disk for Windows. Moreover, the Windows automated installation kit can be downloaded from Microsoft download center. The extension of the image will be with the International Standard Organization i.e. ‘.iso’. The file named as ‘KB3AIK_EN.iso’ is associated with ‘.iso’ extension will be copied to a DVD or a virtual drive. However, no software is required for burning the file as Windows 7 has the capability to copy or burn ISO extension files to DVD’s (Building a standard image of windows 7: Step-by-step guide ). Bootable UFD can be utilized to boot the reference workstation in order to capture an image of the hard drive after the installation and customization of Windows 7. As windows pre installation environment does not possess Image X, a step is added to copy the file named as Image.exe from the folder of AIK installation to the source files of windows pre installation environment before creating ISO file of Windows pre installation environment (Building a