Participation Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Participation Discussion Questions - Essay ExampleSometimes planners think about that market fated readying efforts right from the start by in advance promising features, techniques, and budget. They think that the planning step was quick, poorly budgeted, and with irritation managed by management. Planners think that the development group did not completely make use of their planning documentation and that management permitted them to deviate too far from the planned shed development (Kerzner, 2006). In this discussion Amon has presented the overall Project Technical Planning in a better commission and I am agreed with his views.In this discussion Sandya has presented the project planning in view of mental imagery handling and main agent. She has also discussed about the risk management as a sub-activity in the project planning. Without proper planning a project can not achieve success. There is a booming planning at the back of every successful project. The key to a winning project is in the planning. Forming a project plan is the first thing managers should do when taking responsibility of any flesh of project. Often project planning is disregarded in for saving time. However, many people fail to secernate the significance of a project plan in saving time, money and many problems (Pinkerton, 2003). I will add to the view of Sandya. As she considers the project planning as the management of resources but project planning is indispensable. Not only it is a roadmap to how the work will be carried out, but it is also a motherfucker for decision making. The plan suggests alternative approaches, schedules, and resource requirements from which the project manager can choose the most exquisite substitute. A complete plan undoubtedly states the tasks that need to be done, why they are compulsory, who will do what, when it will be completed, what resources will be needed, and what criteria must be met in order for

Cultural Mosaic on the Buddhist Culture Research Paper

Cultural Mosaic on the Buddhistic Culture - Research Paper Example that the Buddhist view of education is a mint more open-ended and fluid. Also, while there are fundamental tenets upon which Buddhist education system rests, they only serve as an aid to the student in discovering truths for himself. In other words, while the Western educational model has at its core the principle of ascertaining truth through rational inquiry and systematic experimentation, the Buddhist model espouses the principle that introspection through meditation will lead to the ultimate truth. (Haskett, 2005, p.192) Moreover, it is integral to Buddhist culture to put the collective good ahead of individual excellence. Notwithstanding these basic differences, one could until now incorporate certain norms, customs and cultural aspects of Buddhist education into the Statesn schools. This essay will come on that not only is this exercise feasible but also rewarding for the educators and students involved. A key distinction of the Buddhist education system is its spiritual dimension. In fact, the seeking of spiritual truth is a rear end of Buddhist culture. The Buddhist system attempts to prepare students to transcend the scientific realm and into the spiritual realm. School administrators in the States might find it challenging to encourage students on spiritual quest alongside the accent mark on scientific inquiry. Moreover, in the spiritual realm, objectives tend to be vague and instructions difficult to comprehend. But a simple means by which the esoteric sounding spiritual quest can be incorporated in the American classroom is by breaking it down into common social principles such(prenominal) as co-operation and compassion. In other words, school curricula in the United States could give grade points for students for their social skills and their willingness to assistance fellow students. The Buddhist system sees education as a component of a students social life, as opposed to being distinct to it. (Tat Chia, 2009, p.122) In this scenario, education as competition would be replaced by education through sharing of knowledge and experience. A similar point is make even by some Western scholars like Daniel Goleman, who underscore the importance of Emotional Quotient (EQ) alongside the breeding of Intelligence Quotient (IQ) for overall healthy personality development. The spate of campus shootouts in recent years in America clearly indicates some fundamental flaws in the schooling system. By embracing the Buddhist principle of non-violence and inculcating it in students will mitigate the occurrence of such shoot-outs. Non-violence aligns closely with virtues of co-operation and compassion. (Shin, 2010, p.33) American schools can include biographical sketches of public leaders renowned for the message of non-violence. These would include Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, Martin Luther King Jr., etc. A study of their life examples is an good method for instil ling the value of non-violence in American students. The Buddhist education system emphasizes reverence for the learn/teacher. Conventionally, having evolved in a monastic setting, the chief monk would be regarded by students as an enlightened head whose guidance is sought after at each stage of learning. It would also serve the interests of students in America if they make it the norm to pay more respect to their teachers. The most prominent of contemporary Buddhist teachers, His holiness The 14th Dalai

Moral delemmas Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Moral delemmas - Research Paper Exampleal. March 2009). During intense guard force pursuit, some guard officers mistakenly custom their pistols preferably of the taser gun. The facts of the case so states that BART military officer Johannes Mehserle killed Oscar turn over while trying to subdue Mr. Grant during an arrest. Officer Mehserle mistaken routined his pistol instead of his taser to subdue the suspect and accidentally killed the suspect. descent that there are a number of moral predicaments that much result from the drug ab determination of taser guns. The people involved in the situation including the arresting officer, police department authorizing the habituate of taser guns and the suspect often have to deal with a number of moral issues resulting from the incident such as what happened between Officer Johannes Mehserle and Oscar Grant. In the police operation, both the arresting officer and the suspect are at risk. As it is, ethical dilemmas often happen ar ise in connection with the arrest. The first moral dilemma that we need to look into is whether or not the police department should allow police officers to use tasers when subduing suspects. Note that unruly suspects raft endanger the lives of the people around including the apprehending police officers. If the police officers are not allowed to use taser guns on suspects, the suspects may turn against the officers and hurt them on the process. Moreover, if police officers do not use taser guns, they pull up stakes need to use other forms of deterring force to subdue the suspects. Without the taser gun, the apprehending police officers will need to have claim body contact with the suspect. Using deterring force such as manhandling the suspect who resists arrest bunghole in like manner cause harm on the suspect and may even result to lawsuits against the police force. Note that cases involving police brutality are very common and often brings headaches to the police department. We have to understand that when a police officer comes near the suspect and have direct bodily contact with him or her, any lav happen. A twist in the arm endure have contrasting effect on different people and because we cannot be sure what kind of damage a simple bodily contact can have and what will be the reaction of the person arrested, it is still better for the police officer to wield distance from the suspect and use taser guns. Also in cases of pursuits when the suspect is running away from the arresting officer, the use of taser gun can be very handy. Come to think of it, if the police officer does not use a taser gun in apprehending an escaping suspect, the suspect may get away and may commit other crime. When the police officer fails to apprehend a known suspect who has committed a series of crimes, he/she gives permission to that suspect to commit yet another crime. Yes, the whole idea that an escaped suspect can cause more harm to innocent people is disturbing so it is very important for police officers to have the right tools to do their jobs. Also if the suspect gets away, the police department will need to use more resources to hunt down and capture the suspect. The cost of hunting down and apprehending a suspect can be enormous and given the limited budget of the police force, the department does not have the extravagance of letting a suspect escape. While allowing the police officers to use taser guns to apprehend suspects have many advantages, it as well has some disadvantages. Using taser guns involve risk and it may cause harm on people. According to Grant et al. (March 2009),

Imac Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Imac - Assignment ExampleThe system was excessively not able to fully take the modules of classming that had used other similar Microsoft softw ar packages. The ill luck of the highly expensive and hard to replace iMac to run Ronnys software unfortunately effected his pledge level.Ronnys computer skills were well known because he had created a very interesting geography vanquish for his classmates. He had also been working on the inception of a new characterization game in secret, which would be designed to increase the mental skills of younger people. He needed to run the program on the latest version of the computer so he could test his many creative ideas using multimedia and fix the mistakes if he found any. The failure of the iMac very much saddened and worried him. The many trips to repair fink also made him lose important time as he wanted to send his video game to the online contest set up by IBM.The creation of video games involves very advanced computers that tail assembly run hard computer programs using multimedia. The testing of software is an important part of software creation and a lucky run of each module lifts the self-reliance of the creator. The failure of iMac to fully accept the program modules that needed other similar Microsoft software turned out to be the biggest problem to Ronnys call to join the contest. iMac is supposed to be the most advanced computer that is able to perform huge number of tasks at high speeds. The weaknesses in the machine to run the important parts of Ronnys programs majorly shook his confidence in Apples products.Ronnys father was also not able to buy other computer for him because of the huge amount of money already spent on the first iMac. While iMacs are known for their power and skills, they are also known for their high prices. The father was very proud of his male child and knew that an advanced computer like the iMac would make it easier for

Designing Effective Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Designing Effective - Research Paper shellBased on this importance, the idea emphasizes the need for further research into opportunities presented by effective designing of rivets. This paper dissects how framing and expectations of contracts influence the contracts performance.Various researches have attempted to look into the ubiquitous reputation of contracts. Some have mentioned that contracts are merely necessary safeguards which secure parties involved in a contract against potential undesirable behaviors by the involved parties. This facilitates transpositions. Many scholars note that mitigation of the threats arising from contracts is dependent on contractual framing and expectations.Recent evidence from researches suggests contract framing play an important role in find how contractual application is implemented. For instance, contracts which are framed with a loss in mind in study of failure to meet threshold amounts to the involved parties making greater effort. Sim ilarly, contracts framed with a gain in mind, the parties will also be motivated to work even extra hard. The expectation of something is seen to motivate an swear out in implementation of the contract.Many contract theorists have begun systematic unpacking of behavioral implications associated with contract frame and expectations from the corresponding (Weber and Mayer 56). A key emerging issue in design of effective contracts is the psychological impacts of framing and expectations of contracts. despite widespread fellowship of the role of contracts in ensuring mitigation of hazards through development of safeguards, there exists little knowledge with regard to psychological impacts of the contracts. Contract framing offers a potential mechanism to psychologically affect the exchange or continuous partnerships.as revealed in the study, contracts aim at protecting the parties involved in a relationship against any form of opportunistic behavior thus boosting the confidence of t he parties involved so that they can belong with the

Theories and Approaches of Policy Evaluation Paper Essay

Theories and Approaches of Policy Evaluation theme - Essay ExampleProper process evaluation helps to ensure that the complete quality of a computer programme is attained by ensuring that it is liable to multiple stakeholders such as the administrators, personnel and community among others. This evaluation helps to determine the process involved in decision making, resourced required in implementation of the technology, the unexpected inconsistencies or prospects time running the program and the legal, social and economic conditions in which the program is run. Process evaluation is a continuous monitoring process that should not interfere with the primary work of an organization. Instead, such information can be used to make the necessary amendments for top performance, especially in the preparation of financial audits (Casey, 2002).Outcome-based evaluation is a vital step when planning a project since it helps in the identification of the possible results of the technology. Outc ome-based evaluation is a vital step when developing a new program or analyzing an existing one. This is because the product of the analysis provides good knowledge of the objects target group and how it will influence the people it serves (Fasten,

Managing Decision Making Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managing Decision Making - Assignment Example Literature Review & Summary of Research Findings- Simons flummox of Decision According to classical purpose qualification theory, individuals need to gather information regarding the emergent issue, so search for plausible alternativeness which can be used in order to address the issue and indeed select the most optimal alternatives (Bechara and Damasio, 2005). But, Simon (1979) criticized the classical decision making approach by stating that model doesnt correspond with real world decision dilemmas. One needs to understand the key steps in Simons decision making model in order to criticize or appreciate it in context to research works of different research scholars. Bechara and Damasio (2005) stated that there are three phases in Simons decision making model such as, 1- intelligence phase, 2- design phase and 3- choice. Intelligence Phase- in the intelligence phase, individuals formulate the fuss or decision statement by comparing the current operation status with historical data or reference points. In this phase, individuals gather information from external milieu without knowing exact outcome of such information crunching. Design Phase- in this phase, individuals try to formulate the likely alternatives to address the decision statement by considering the gathered information from macro environment. Decision makers need to analyze the information collected from external environment in order to generate alternative approach to the difficulty statement. Choice- in this phase, individuals select the most feasible alternative in order to address the decision puzzle or subscribe decision. Important thing to remember that, the most potential alternative to the decision problem might not be the most feasible one hence decision makers must take care while selecting potential choice. There is no doubt that Simons decision model is found on the purpose of bounded ground. Simon (1979) pointed out that rati onal decision making becomes difficult due to various(a) reasons such as leave out of knowledge about all the alternatives, uncertain events, inability to calculate consequences, lack of knowledge about the consequence of particular decision, human behavioural limits etc. Due to such shortcomings, rationality of any decision making is subjected to be bounded hence a decision cannot be optimized. move (2005) supported the bounded rationality model of Simon and stated that although rationality might be the goal for decision making but ability of the decision maker is limited due to cognitive (such as own(prenominal) values, lack of computational ability, reflexes and lack of knowledge) as well as exogenous factors (uncertainty regarding the outcome of decision). DellaVigna (2009) stated that the concept of bounded rationality is very much pertinent in context to modern day short letter problems while Bromiley (2005) appreciated decision making model of Simon for its usability in investment decision making and behavioral economics. However, there are other group of research scholars such as Campitelli and Gobet (2010) and Levinthal (2011) who criticized Simons decision making model for lacking in depth. Levinthal (2011) stated that decision makers need to create representation in intelligible or implicit manner while making deductive reason

Good Things About Designed by Groupism Case Study

Good Things About Designed by Groupism - expression Study ExampleDespite the negative experiences, I believe there are obedient things about(predicate) designing by groupism. Sometimes, each psyche able to do what he does best. Everyone feels a part of communicate. The results of assure were often remedy.There are good things about designing by groupism like each somebody able to do what he does best. Some students better with writing. Others better with speaking. Some better with doing. I was better with doing. So I did the code. bloody shame was better with writing. She kept notes and wrote the paper. Casey was best with speaking. He presented our project to the class. Sometimes, each psyche is able to do what he does best in groupism design. This is what happened in our group. We worked well together. It helped to have a good manager in the group.Other good things about designing by groupism are each person feels part of project. We each made suggestion about website. Som e we used. Some we did not, but everyone made points that were used. Mary and I helped with layout. Mary and Casey did content. We all worked on code together. Each felt a part of project design by groupism. Casey really helped it all go smooth. At the end of the project, we all felt joyful about how everything happened. The website was great. We were very proud of our work.The best thing about designing by groupism is the results of project were much better.

Idea book Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Idea book - Article fountI am an iPhone smartphone. Im the latest brand of the latest smartphone in the smartphone world filled with technological gizmos. I am friends with the internet to whom we sh are a very deep bond of friendship we regularly act and exchange information. I dont lie to be on the computer because she is jealous of my affinity with the internet.Teamwork on the social media platforms can be illustrated in various ways, for instance liking a gloss or retweeting a smear by someone. This shows solidarity with an idea that someone has put forth through the post.The imaginative process that goes on in my mind before I post a statement, comment or picture has various levels of thought put into them. Firstly, the post has to befuddle context and I for this instance mold context to mean it has to conform to the trending topic or if Im commenting on a persons message I have to keep it on the issue we are talking about. Secondly, unless the trend is tragic, I try to make whim about it as much as I can. Third in terms of the photos I post I try to make each unique with a different subject always and always showing the best possible version of myself.The mind map shows a correlation of thoughts, attitudes and principles that are revealed through the various social media platforms. The mind map also gives perspective to all these information, thus making it more credible and fitting to the context in which they are used.Two of my friends are Ann and Julien. Ann is a perfectionist, she likes check and soulful music, dislikes public transport, her cake is that she likes candy at night and has some before she sleeps. She believes in deity and humanity and chooses to see the good in people rather than the bad, the niche id put her in is that of creative friends.Julien is hardworking, he likes hip hop music, especially Jay-Z he doesnt like lazy people. His quirk is that he studies, best under loud music and as a

Food Safety Bulletin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Food Safety Bulletin - Essay ExampleTheir children impart get ill and in return they not only have to spend extra make up on medical but the mental pressure they have to go through is much worse. So it is necessary to educate the people regarding the health issues, pabulum etc but most of our society is ill-literate. It is mostly believed that the food is not detrimental but things like au naturel(p) meat, poultry, fish , eggs contains bacteria which are harmful so in such a case media is of great importance. Television, radio can be utilise to target market. In places where people have no such knowledge electronic media will be able to give them knowledge about the safety precautions which should be adopted. It is not necessary that only the dim food contains bacteria it can be contaminated at the time of purchase too. So mishandling is sensation of the greatest errors which are responsible for food-borne illness. Food safety centers should be established which should guide the public regarding the raw meat. At what temperature it should be kept in the freezer and for how long it will survive? Meat should not be left opened because bacteria tend to multiply very soon it should be rinsed as soon as possible and should be kept at the required temperature.

Percieved control and academic achievment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Percieved control and academic achievment - search ExampleThey totalled to about 19 respon dents. The findings also show that majority of the respondents have poor mental ability. exploitation the cheer 0.05 level of significance, F-statistics, and an Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, the df num value is k-1, or 2 -1, or 1 and the df den value is T-k, or 50 - 2, or 48. So, with = 0.05, the critical value of F in this analysis of variance test was F0.05 (1, 48) = 251. Since computed F (FC) is less than Tabulated F (FT), Ho is accepted, which states that the Rotters LOCUS of Control tally and the Average grade point average of the selected respondents has no significant relationship.In other words, the result of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) shows that the computed F, 0.103 is less than the tabular determine of F-statistics, 251 at 0.05 degrees of freedom, 1, 48. This denotes that the grade point average has no significant effect on the Rotters LOCUS of Control survey results. The outcome R square value is 0.002. This is very far from the point of reference value 1. This shows that the correlation is not on the normal curve distribution. So, it is interpreted as very small positive correlation. In centile (%), it is 0.2 which indicates that the Rotters LOCUS of Control scores and the Average GPA of the selected respondents has very minimal similarities.Furthermore, because the R square value of 0.002 is not close to the adjusted R square value of -0.019, this signifies that the regression model is not follow for the data. The very small positive correlation denotes that the Rotters LOCUS of Control scores is uncorrelated with the Average GPA of the selected respondents, it may be either boastful or small when the scores or frequency is large and vice versa. This further implies that there is no systematic trend in the Rotters LOCUS of Control scores and the Average GPA of the selected respondents.AppendicesScoreFrequencyPercent sensible PercentCumulat ive Percent reasoned612.02.02.0736.06.08.0848.08.016.0936.06.022.010918.018.040.011714.014.054.012510.010.064.013612.012.076.01436.06.082.01624.04.086.01712.02.088.018510.010.098.01912.02.0100.0Total50100.0100.0Note newspaper column 2 and 3 were used for figure 1Average GPAFrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative PercentValid124.04.04.02714.014.018.031020.020.038.041326.026.064.05612.012.076.06612.012.088.0736.06.094.0836.06.0100.0Total50100.0100.0Note Column 2 and 3 were used for figure 2 dozens versus Average GPARegressionVariables

Summary of council meeting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary of council meeting - Essay exemplificationOne of the meeting Agendas included course of studyning for seven-year capital improvement program. The plan was to be implemented startle from the year 2014 to 2021. During the discussion of this Agenda, it was recommended that the Planning commission find out about the conformity of the adopted plan of the fiscal years in the seven-year duration. The findings were to be approved by City council.The second agenda was the normal hearing. During the hearing, the approval of the Zoning Code Amendment 2014-10 was discussed. The recommended action during the discussion of this agenda was that the City Council should approve the amendment which consisted of a followup of the Citys development plan.The Meeting was concluded with comments from the planning commission. He said that any titular action taken on a requested issue would be discussed in the next meeting. In my opinion, the meeting was very organized. During the meeting, peop le behaved in respectful ways. For instance, the audience did not boo or beef at each other when they disagreed. If they disagreed they were given a chance to ask questions since the audience were encouraged to press out their opinions

Macro O Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Macro O - designation ExampleThe impressive employment and inflation figures in Germany may be attributed to expert economic policies that the estate has held over the years. For instance, by reducing public outlay and ensuring high standards of accountability in the brasss system, Germany was able to withstand the turbulent effects of the European debt crisis that moved(p) some European countries, though the debt crises affected other Eurozone members leading to the current inflation rate in Germany. The body politic has the Euro as its main cash though undervalued compared to Deutschmarks real value. Moreover, Germany is one of the countries that have managed to raise the working hour flexibleness and reduction in structural unemployment. These factors have been critical in sustaining Germanys economy, leading to a sound cheat market that translates in a low unemployment rate. Strong fiscal policies in public spending and deficit turf outs have led Germany to reduce its d ebt burdens, a significant step towards controlling its inflation rates. However, Germanys unemployment rate may be blamed on its transition system of education that holds many youths in vocational schools, which hardly translate to real job opportunities. Such transition schools do not spree skills that are relevant in the market, with graduates from these centres failing to secure jobs. One way to reduce the unemployment rate is to great deal with policies that would encourage Foreign Direct investments, FDIs. Currently, FDI in Germany stands at $40.4 billion (Heritage Foundation, 2013). This is not enough for a country with a sound economy and better export terms than its Eurozone members are. By attracting FDIs, more economic activities bequeath spur across the country, suggesting more employment and reduced inflation rates. 2. German fiscal policies are knowing with a view to reduce unemployment levels and prevent any recessionary forces in the economy. For instance, in 201 0, the presidency had to cut more than 14 million euros in taxes in 2011, the government agreed to cut another 24 million in income taxes (Stifftung, 2013). The benefit of tax cuts as a fiscal policy in Germany was that the government managed to close a significant recession gap. The result was stimulated economic growth through advance consumption. Furthermore, the economy had a better chance to readjust while the government concentrates more in job creation. This explains why Germany has a stable economy considering the low taxation and increased employment opportunities. However, the disadvantage was that the government through these tax cuts reduced its budgetary allocations to important sectors in the development of the country. The country could have funded sociable development projects with the huge amounts of taxes forfeited in tax cuts. The European Central Bank is mainly creditworthy for Germanys monetary policies (Stifftung, 2013). When the bank raises engross rates to curb rising inflation rates, the result is a change in the cost of living considering commodities will have unstable prices as a reaction to the interest rates increase. Most Germans would have to save rather than spend, faced increased costs of acceptation that hampered developments and higher interests rates for government debts. The increase would have a negative effect on both(prenominal) the government and Germans in general and may have slowed down development. However, such an increase in interest rates

In the Time of the Butterflies - the Main Ideas Movie Review

In the Time of the Butterflies - the main Ideas - Movie Review ExampleMinerva, played by Salma Hayek in the movie In the Time of the Butterflies, was invited to terpsichore with Trujillo. During their dance, Trujillo elicited an indecent proposal to Minerva, which she declined by slapping Trujillo in the middle of the crowd, and she then walked out. The next morning, her father move a letter of apology to Trujillo, but it was not accepted, and her father was imprisoned along with the killings of their relatives. Minerva wanted to outlet revenge, and in the course, she met Lio, played by Mark Anthony, who was requireing virtue. However, Trujillo did not stop pursuing Minerva, and when she decided to study law, Trujillo made her entrance to schools difficult. With this on hand, Minerva created a deal with Trujillo, and in the long run, she was able to graduate from law school. Even so, she was not able to get her license and practice. In the wake of her desperation, she was offere d by Trujillo to sleep with him, and in return, he will leave her family at peace. However, Minerva declined the offer, and she and her sisters decided to fight alongside the anti-Trujillo group where they were known as the Butterflies. After tiring himself from pursuing Minerva, Trujillo ordered for the death of the Mirabal sisters and covered it as a car accident. The friar preacher Republic was once governed by Trujillo, who is an authoritarian dictator from 1930 to 1947. He was able to control and train the patrol and the army during his regime in order to exercise power over those who resisted his dictatorship. For this reason, many of those who were against Trujillo went underground in order to escape the hunt by Trujillos army. This is one of the themes of the movie, the cruelty, and the resistance during the time of Trujillo.

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 15

Assignment - Essay ExampleHowever, catholic supports an appreciable number of health institutions. Fundamentally, churches are support by the constitution under the first amendment bill that gives religious institutions the freedom of trustingness and religion. Therefore, the long-standing faith establish principles that catholic uses to run the health institutions should be respected (Parker web).The issue would not have been so problematical had the president given a inherent leeway for church based health care systems. The greatest constitutional issue is that the healthcare bill is federally implemented and in that locationfore there is no constitutional claim for church based healthcare organizations. However, the issue would not have been so inflexible if it was state mandated. This is because the church based organizations would still enjoy their constitutional freedom by exercising constitutional laws from states that recognize their faith and moral stand (USCB web).The religious clauses of the first amendment uphold and respect the value of religious freedom as it pertains to exercise of freedom of conscience. The clauses recognize that the Almighty God gave free mind to man and therefore there should be no law whatsoever that should influence or burden consciousness. The Catholic based healthcare organizations have the constitutional right to exercise the freedom of consciousness as provided by the constitution (USCB web). However, the sine qua non by the healthcare bill to support health care organizations to offer birth control, the morning after(prenominal) pill, and sterilization, even if they are private nonprofits run by the Catholic perform goes against this religious clause. This is because it forces the Catholic Church to do what it considers fundamentally wrong. In fact, the bill touches on the issues that are of great value to the church especially the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church greatly values the sanctity of life and the refore

Brand Consciousness Among Teenagers Essay Example for Free

Brand intellect Among Teenagers EssayMass media is media which is intended for a large audience. It may take the form of broadcast media, as in the case of television and radio, or print media, like newspapers and magazines. Internet media can also fall the great unwashed media status, and many mass media outlets maintain a web presence to take advantage of the piece availability of Internet in many regions of the world. Some people also refer to the mass media as the mainstream media, referencing the fact that it tends to stick to prominent stories which will be of interest to a general audience, sometimes ignoring debatable breaking news. Many people around the world rely on the mass media for news and entertainment, and globally, mass media is a huge industry. Usually, mass media aims to reach a very large market, such as the integral population of a country. By contrast, local media covers a much smaller population and area, focusing on regional news of interest, while specialty media is provided for particular demographic groups. The advantage of running operation in mass media is that one can set up a platform of medium to disseminate gilt message.The advantage of attacking mass media is that one can build up his/her reputation for being less(prenominal) biased and more objective. The advantage of co-operating with mass media is that one can ease the worries of being black mouthed by media organizations. The advantage of buying corporate engaged in mass media is that one can get a big asset for negotiation with political parties and the government. Disadvantages of mass media Well I believe it comes down to the parents or guardians to begin with.Of course younger generations shouldnt be watching as much TV if at all. most of the primetime shows and stations are becoming more and more passive on what not to show. Having younger children subjected to nudity, cursing, familiar immorality, drinking and other negative adult oriented material is of course unsuitable, heck even unsuitable for adults at times. If the parents let their children watch inappropriate shows on TV Im sure studies have shown the likelihood of these children being tough in such problems later on in life.

Emergency Operations Plan Essay Example for Free

fate trading operations Plan EssayBrownsville Texas is located in about 30 miles from the disconnect of Mexico and it is vulnerable to a study hurri skunke like Hurri domiciliatee Katrina that devastated much of Louisiana in 2005. During Hurri send worde Katrina more of the things when wrong be amaze pinch draws were because, speck managers were not prep ard for the later(prenominal) mass of the hurricane. It is important for a metropolis to take in a structured Emergency Operations Plan in spot in the impression of a study hurricane. This provide dish venture emergency operations run imperturbable and emergency managers make important decisions. Hurricanes are measured in Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. This gives the hurricane a rating of 1 to 5 based on its sustained wind speed (NOAA, 2013). The rating is alike based on the amount of damage a hurricane can create once it makes land pass. For example every pressure that reaches a sustained wind speed of 74-95 miles per hour (mph) is considered a crime syndicate 1 hurricane (NOAA, 2013). Any hurricane that reaches a sustained wind speed of 111-129 mph is kinfolk 3 hurricane and it f all(prenominal)s in a major hurricane category. Category 3 hurricanes and higher are considered the close dangerous and convey the potential to create the most damage (NOAA, 2013).1.Purpose of the planThe purpose of this plan is to make believe an Emergency Operation Plan (EOP) that go out house guild lines and procedures for emergency managers in the burden of a major hurricane in the South Texas area. The Emergency Operations Plan impart show the vulnerabilities of the City of Brownsville, major concerns that metropolis managers stomach, contact information for local hospitals, tone-beginning segment, Police Station and it give besides help emergency managers array operations with local, harbour and federal Agencies. It pull up stakes withal indicate the fix of the Emergency O perations marrow (EOC) and the unify dictation midway. The EOC attractor or manager entrust have complete command and control of all emergency operation, beforehand, during and after the hurricane has do landfall in the city of Brownsville. The EOC bequeath be the primary base of operations passim the disaster.This pith that all emergency operations go away be adjustd through the EOC and all emergency managers and police squad leaders go out comprehend to the EOC, as soon as they arrive on scene and before every operations start. The EOP for pay establish a chain of command that go out be followed by all agencies and private organizations have-to doe with in emergency operations. This forget allow all local, State and federal official agencies tendinging or participating in the EOP. The EOP lead also indicate the locations of the primary and secondary EOC. The secondary location for the EOC ordain be used in the detail that they primary location of the EOC is damaged during the hurricane and can no longer be safely used to conduct emergency operations.The EOP will also indicate who will participate in the emergency operations and what role they will have throughout emergency operations, before, during and after the hurricane. This will help emergency managers better utilize the resources that will be available to them. This will also help emergency managers plan and execute emergency operations in a safe and preservative manner. The goal of the emergency plan is to provide as much information as possible to the society before the hurricane makes land fall. During and after the hurricane mission is to save as some lives as possible. This will be done through conducting emergency operations, providing medical care to the wound and by establishing temporary shelters to people that have had to evacuate their homes.2.SituationBrownsville, Texas is located in South Texas and is a city that is approximately 30 miles from the Gulf of Mexico . The cities or communities along the Gulf of Mexico sailplaning line are vulnerable to a potential hurricane during hurricane season. Hurricane season ordinarily starts on June 1st and ends on November 30th (Brownsville Herald, 2014). This is the time when tropical storms form out in the Gulf of Mexico. But not all storms that form are considered hurricanes. When a storm becomes a hurricane, they are considered very(prenominal) dangerous storms because they have the potential cause a lot of damage. This EOP is designed to be put into feat in the type of a category 3 hurricane or higher threatens the city of Brownsville.A category 3 hurricane can bring rains that can last for a long period of time. This can cause floods in certain parts of the city, the high winds are also a major concern because shut in homes may incur major damage or removal of roof decking and gable ends (NOAA, 2013). These high winds can also break trees that can cause roads to be blocked for long periods of time. A category 3 or higher hurricane can also affect the electricity and zip urine in the city. This means that people in m all communitiesthroughout the city can be left without running water or electricity for days.3.AssumptionsAssuming a category 4 hurricane in enroute to the Gulf of Mexico coast and it will directly affect the city of Brownsville, emergency managers have a plan in posterior to start word of advice the community of the threat the 4 hurricane poses. This is done by using the media and providing up to age information on the status of the hurricane. At to the lowest degree five days before the hurricane makes land fall emergency managers take to start providing the community with up to date information on the hurricane. This will include strength of the hurricane and the potential damage it will create. Emergency managers should make plans to conduct emergency operations for at least 24 to 48 hours after the hurricane makes land fall. This will include th e first acters response time and reasoning by elimination operations if they are necessitate. Evacuating people from the local hospitals is a priority. At least five days before the hurricane makes landfall hospitals should need to contact and make arrangements for the hospitals to be evacuated (DSHS.TX, 2013).4.Concept of OperationsThe concept of emergency operations plan is to create a unified response to the threat of a category 4 hurricane. The will be done by creating establishing a chain of command that all agencies and private organizations can follow. The EOP will guard the community informed of each changes or any important information that they will need before, during and after the hurricane. The EOP will also establish a Unified Command ticker where contrary agencies can work together with one common goal. The goal is to save and protect as many people as possible from the threat of hurricane. This can be done by providing early warning of the hurricane and estab lishing a chain of command. This is will also help emergency managers effectively us all the resources that they have at their disposal. The EOP will also establish a list of agencies and organizations that will be involved in the emergency planning and any operations during the disaster.5.Organization and Assignment of ResponsibilitiesThe Brownsville Office of Emergency prudence and country of origin gage will bethe lead operation in charge of all emergency operations (OEMHS). OEMHS is prudent for planning and efforts to mitigate the effects of, prepare for, respond to, and recover from emergencies and disasters whether natural or man-made (COB, 2011). The local, State and Federal agencies and private organizations that will be involved in the EOP will beA.Brownsville Police incisionB.Cameron County Sherriffs OfficeC.Brownsville Public Works divisionD.Texas subdivision of Public SafetyE.Brownsville Fire DepartmentF.United States Border PatrolG.United States chute take ho ld an eye onH.Texas Army topic GuardI.American Red crosscutJ.Local HospitalsK.Private BusinessesThese agencies are considered first responders and will play a very important role in the EOP. Each of these agencies will have specific mission and will provide assistance to the community as it is needed. The assistance can be anything from helping people evacuate from their home to assisting in the city evacuation route. Each way of life will have a representative at the Unified Command Center. This means that all operations and assignments will be given to the first responders from the Unified Command Center. A.Brownsville Police DepartmentThe Brownsville Police Department will entertain a command post at the Brownsville Police Department. Their representative will aline any and all operations through the Unified Command Center. The Brownsville Police Department will also assist in closing street or roads that are considered dangerous or that energy possibly flood. They will als o maintain public order and look that the public stays outside from areas that are considered dangerous. They will also enforce any curfews that are order by emergency managers. B.Cameron County Sherriffs OfficeThe Cameron County Sherriffs Office will assist the Brownsville Police Department in enforcing road proximates and any curfews that are pock in place. They will also maintain a command post at the Sheriffs Office. They will also maintain a command center at the Sherriffs Office. This will help coordinate emergency operations and asses the needs of their officers. They will also assist in the evacuation of any people that are need of assistance. The Sherriffs Office will also help refer disabled and elderly people that might need to be evacuated before or after the hurricane has made landfall. C.Brownsville Public Works DepartmentBrownsville Public Works Department will in charge of placing closer sign around the city streets that have been identified as flood areas. They will also place signs on the highway that will identify the emergency evacuation routes. The Public Works Department will also be in charge of evaluating the damage to the roads and street in Brownsville after the hurricane has passed (COB, 2001). This will help emergency managers identify the streets that can be used during emergency operations and will also identify the streets that need to be fixed during recovery operations. They are also in charge of unclutter the citys drainage system. Clearing the drainage pipes is very important task, because it will help open(a) the water from some of the flooded areas. This will also help speed up the recovery operations around the city. They will also maintain an agency representative at the Unified Command Center to help coordinate any emergency operations within their agency. D.Texas Department of Public SafetyThe Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS) will in charge of all evacuation routes (TXDOT, 2014). They will coordinate with c ity managers and establish an evacuation route 72 to 60 hours before the hurricane makes landfall (TXDPS, 2013). DPS will also coordinate with the citys public works and coordinate the road closers along the highway. This will limit the access to the evacuation route to only controlled entry points. This will help DPS maintain control of the traffic coming in and out of the evacuation route. DPS will also coordinate with other virtue enforcement agencies in the area and will assign specific duties in regards to the evacuation routes. DPS will set of refueling station for vehicles that need suck along theevacuation route. DPS will also have a representative at the Unified Command Center. They will also set up a command center at their main office, this will help them coordinate and support their operations. E.Brownsville Fire DepartmentThe Brownsville Fire Department (BFD) will play a very important role in any and all emergency operations. The BFD is highly training and supply to handle any emergency. They have boats and breaching equipment that could be used to get people out of flooded areas. The BFD will also help establish a triage center that will help evaluate any injuries and help prioritize any medical emergencies. The will maintain personal in the Unified Command Center and will help coordinate with emergency operations from their main office. They will also assist as a liaison between the local hospitals in the immediate area. This will help evacuate the injured and facilitate operations in the triage center. F.United States Border PatrolThe United States Border Patrol will maintain a show of force during all emergency operations in the Brownsville area. They will assist DPS with any and all evacuation operations and they will help enforce road closers throughout the city. This will establish a base of operations at their local Border Patrol Station and will respond to any emergency that might arise. The Border Patrol will also maintain a law enfo rcement presence in the city and the surrounding areas. The Border Patrol has the capability to respond to any emergency and can sustain law enforcement and emergency operations before, during and after the hurricane makes landfall. G.United States Coast GuardThe United States Coast Guard will assist in the evacuation of people in the immediate and mandatory areas. They will also help supply small boats that the emergency responders can get into flooded areas. The Coast Guard will also maintain a representative at the Unified Command Center. H.Texas Army topic GuardIn the event that the Texas Army subject Guard is needed, the Brownsville Office of Emergency Management and Homeland Security will make a formalrequest to the Governors Office. The Texas Army National Guard will be notified of their activation at least 72 hours before the hurricane makes landfall (TXDPS, 2013). The Texas Army National Guard will assist agencies evacuate people if needed. They will not assist in any enf orcement operations as per State law. After the hurricane makes landfall they will assist in rescue operations and they will set up food and water distribution sites. Any medical personal will report to the triage center, they will then help treat and evaluate the injured. The Texas Army National Guard will coordinate with the Fire and Police Departments and will assist them in any rescue operations that they are needed in. The Texas Army National Guard can provide assistance with personal, equipment and air support. I.American Red CrossThe American Red Cross and provide assistance in many varied ways during a major emergency. In the event of a hurricane or any major disaster American Red Cross will be in charge of establishing shelters around the city of Brownsville. They will also register and keep track of the number of people at a shelter at any given time. They will also be in charge of distributing food, cloth and personal items to the people that need them. They will assist emergency managers set up food distribution locations throughout the city for emergency responders. They will provide assistance to people that been separated from their family members. This will help reunite families that have been separated during rescue or evacuation operations. J.Local HospitalsBrownsville has two main hospitals that will need to be kept informed of the statue of the hurricane. In the event of a category 4 hurricane the hospitals will shut down and will only take in emergency patients. This would be patients that need immediate medical attention or that have life threating injuries that need to be attended too. The two hospitals in the city of Brownsville are Valley Regional Medical Center is located at 100A E. Alton Gloor Bvd, Brownsville, Texas. Valley Baptist Medical Center Brownsville is located at 1040 West Jefferson Brownsville, Texas K.Private BusinessesIn the event of a major disaster the Brownsville Office of Emergency Management and Homeland Security w ill make arrangements with local businesses to coordinate supplies and equipment that might be needed during a hurricane. The business will provide food, water and any equipment that might be needed by first responders, for example pumps, generators and shovels. The OEMHSs finance department will keep track of all the equipment and supplies that are received are ordered and received by private businesses. This will help keep track of what is being used and what supplies are needed. Any superfluous equipment that needs to be ordered or requested will be done by the OEMHSs finance department. This will help keep track of the money that is being spent. 6.Administration and logisticsThe Brownsville Office of Emergency Management and Homeland Security will coordinate all emergency operations in the City of Brownsville. The Unified Command Center will have a team of representatives of each agency that are involved in emergency operations as well as representatives from the State and Fede ral government. The will get continuous updates of the situation and will make decisions on any issues. They will also provide logistic support to all emergency operations as it is needed. This means that they as they receive information or requests for any equipment or support the OEMHS will address this situation and take action. 7.Plan development and maintenanceThe OEMHS is prudent for developing the EOP in coordination with the agencies that will be involved in the plan. This means that the OEMHS will meet with the different agencies that will participate in the plan and address any issues they might have with the EOP. It is the responsibility of the OEMHS to keep the EOC updated. Every year there are changes to roads, hazards and other things that might affect emergency operations. It is the responsibility of the OEMHS to maintain the plan and to ensure that it is up to date. It is the responsibility of the OEMHS to coordinate training with the agencies involved. The OEMHS sh ould also coordinate ensure that the city managers that will in charge of the EOP be certified and maintain their certification through FEMA. 8.AuthoritiesThe authorities that will be in charge of all emergency operations will be the Brownsville Office of Emergency Management and Homeland Security. The OEMHS is responsible to address any and all jurisdictional issues that an agency might have. This EOC is designed to be used during a major hurricane but it is flexible and can be used for any other kind of disaster. CommunicationsCommunications is a very important part of the EOP. In the event of a major hurricane or any other kind of disaster, communications will play a very big part in emergency operations. During emergency operation all agencies involved will use TXLAW 1, as the primary radio frequency. This will ensure that all agency managers and team leader are able to communicate with the EOP.All agency dispatchers and agency managers will monitor TXLAW 1 throughout emergency operations. This will continue until all emergency operations have stopped or the agency in no longer participating in any emergency operations. If an agency does not have radios with the TXLAW1 frequency, the OEMHS will provide radios to the agency command post and team leaders during emergency operations. Radios will be provided to private organizations like the Red Cross that will set up staging areas, establish shelters and coordinate distributions site. Team leaders and managers will remain in contact with the Unified Command Center all times. In conclusion the EOP will establish guideline that emergency managers can follow. This will help them set up a structured chain of command and establish emergency operations in the event of a major disaster or hurricane. This plan is flexible and can be changed or limited as it is required for any disaster. It is very important the OEMHS provides continues training and maintain the EOP up to date. This will ensure that emergency operatio ns are conducted in a safe and productive manner.ReferencesReagan, M., (2014, April 10) Early hurricane outlook predicts sort out season. The Brownsville Herald. Retrieved from

Ethics - End of Life Choice Essay Example for Free

Ethics closing of Life Choice EssayBeing a member of the hospital Ethics charge, it is my responsibility to chance on count policy recommendations on end-of-life issues. Due to my intellect and reputation as a clear thinker, my ideas on this look carry a lot of weight with the other members of the committee. Within this paper I will propose a strong and convincing case for my position and recommendations on this topic. This paper will address the pursual unbelief What, if some(prenominal)thing, should be done to help people who are dying?First I mustiness start off with the obvious question Is the patient an adult of 18 years or honest-to-god who is closely ill and of clear and sound mind to authorize assisted death intervention? If the settle is yes, then we should follow the wishes of the patient. Ultimately, it is their body their life and they should amaze the right to choose. That being said, I do believe that guidelines should be established and followed i n order to assure that the welfare of the patient is the only priority.Such guidelines should be make that reflect the ternion states that currently have laws in place for assisted death, which are, Oregon, Washington, and Montana. The law should take on but non limited to, a capable adult who has been diagnosed, by a physician, with a terminal unhealthiness that will kill the patient within six months may communicate in writing, from his or her physician, a prescription(prenominal) for a lethal dose of medication for the purpose of ending the patients life. Exercise of the survival under this law is voluntary and the patient must initiate the request.Any physician, pharmacist or health care provider who has moral objections may refuse to participate. The request must be confirmed by deuce witnesses, at least one of whom is not related to the patient, is not entitled to any portion of the patients estate, is not the patients physician, and is not employed by a health care fa cility caring for the patient. After the request is made, another physician must examine the patients health check records and confirm the diagnosis. The patient must be primed(p) to be free of a mental condition impairing judgment.If the request is authorized, the patient must wait at least thirty days and make a second oral request before the prescription may be written. The patient has a right to rescind the request at any time. Should both physician have concerns ab bulge out the patients ability to make an informed conclusiveness, or feel the patients request may be motivated by low or coercion, the patient must be referred for a mental evaluation. The law protects doctors from liability for providing a lethal prescription for a terminally ill, competent adult in compliance with the statutes restrictions.Participation by physicians, pharmacists, and health care providers is voluntary. The law should also specify a patients decision to end his or her life shall not have an effect upon a life, health, or accident restitution or annuity policy. These physician assisted suicide guidelines are within the end with Dignity Act. The Death with Dignity Act is the philosophical concept that a terminally ill patient should be allowed to give off naturally and comfortably, rather than experience a comatose, vegetative life pro massiveed by mechanical jut out systems.Currently there are two ways of assisted suicide, one is when the patient is given a prescription medication of a fatal dose that will safari them the loose consciousness and move shortly after. The other, which is not legal in the United States, is known as Active Euthanasia which is a type of euthanasia in which a person who is undergoing intense suffering, and who has no practical hope of recuperation is induced to death. It is also known as mercy killing.Generally, a physician performs active euthanasia and carries out the final-death causing act. Active euthanasia is performed entirely voluntarily, without any reservation, external persuasion, or duress, and after prolonged and staring(a) deliberation. A patient undertaking active euthanasia gives full consent to the medical procedure and chooses curb injection, to be administered by a competent medical professional, in order to end with certainty any intolerable and hopelessly incurable suffering.My second question Is the patient an adult of 18 years or older who is suffering? In rare cases some patients who are very ill do not respond to pain medications or may be suffering in other ways that make comfort impossible. In these circumstances there is a last resort therapy that can be employ terminal sedation. With terminal sedation, a patient will be given medications that induce sleep or unconsciousness until such time as death occurs as a result of the underlying illness or disease.The intention with terminal sedation must be to relieve suffering only, not to cause death. These measures are often accompanied by the withholding of cardboard life supports like intravenous cater and artificial respiration. * * Also, the physician may use medications that cause a double affect. This has been defined in medical journals as the administration of opioids or sedative drugs with the expressed purpose of relieving pain and suffering in a dying patient.The unintended consequence may be that these medications might cause either respiratory depression or in extreme sedation, might cause to hasten a patients death. What does this cogitate? In the simplest terms it means that the medication required to abate suffering cannot be given without the potential result of hastening death. While this may sound vague and quasi-discomforting, it is a legal, medically accepted practice, as long as the intention is only to relieve suffering and not cause death.The death is attributed to the disease or complications of the disease, combined in some circumstances with the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatmen ts such as intravenous liquids, nutrition, and artificial respiration. While the patient need not be unconscious during this process, unconsciousness is often the result. * * The last question I ask is in cases when a minor, a person under the age of 18, is either terminally ill or suffering, who has the right to make the final decisions, the parents/legal guardians, the state, or the patient?I believe that all three need to have a united decision. If one or more of the three votes differ, then neither intervention stated above may be used. These policy recommendations I have stated within this paper regarding end-of-life issues have been explained thoroughly and in detail. I have successfully made a strong and convincing case for my position and recommendations on this topic. I hope that the members of this Ethics Committee agree with my findings and support my recommendations and that my reputation as a clear and trustworthy thinking member is evident.

Fascism and communism Essay Example for Free

Fascism and communism EssayThe term fascism refers to a sense modalityrn semi semi policy-making ruling that seeks to rejuvenate the economic, cultural and favorable status of a ground by basing the country on a sensitive sense of ethnic identity and depicted object belonging. Fascism is opposed to certain liberal ideas much(prenominal) as individual rights and freedom it c solelys for the destruction of legislatures, elections among other democratic ele workforcets.Despite the fact that fascism some goals which female genitals be considered to be idealistic, attempts to come up with fascists societies perplex in well-nigh cases resulted into persecutions and wars which have claimed millions of lives. Thus it is in most cases associated with strongly with racism, violence, totalitarianism and the right wing of fanaticism.On the other hand communism is a universal society which has been able to overcome all classes and their distinctions all the relations and systems o f exploitation have been abolished all social institutions which argon oppressive and are used to enhance inequality such as men domination over women and racial discrimination are all done away with (Brown, para 3)FascismFascism was founded by veterans of world war one led by Benito Juarez Mussolini who had been fed up by decisions being make by the presidency of Italy and the treaty which expressly excluded the land gains do by Italy. This spend a penny of governing fundamentally is a form of dictatorship which results in pride of the nation commonly referred to as internalism. Fascism is not totalitarian rule despite the fact that the fascist from Italy described it in that manner, by comparing it to Russia which was a commie state and Nazi in Germany. Fascism in Italy was a form of government which was not as brutal and strict as communism in Russia.Fascism helps in the development of extreme advances in agricultural practices, industrialization, national security and po pulation growth. It is anti communism or socialism, pro elitism and pro productivism. In this form of government decisions are made promptly as solutions are simplified and at the same time problems are solved properly and swiftly. Many governments borrowed the fascism thoughts from Mussolini, who is referred as the father of fascism by all the fascists (Brown, Para 5).Fascism was developed because of the intellect revolution and social changes that happened in the western countries in the twentieth century. It was an original and a modern thought that pressed for change and a new approach of governing among Europeans young great deal who refused to determine the heart and soul rank values of their parents. Fascism as an ideology represents patriotism synthesis which simply implies that one is highly disposed to his own country.It also calls for the rejection of liberalism, Marxism, democracy and materialism opinions also held by the socialists. Fascism is pro political rule in its absolute form through political leaders it is opposed to the idea of important decisions being made by common people as it is the case in ideal democratic governance. The aboriginal government of the state has the responsibility of holding high the fascist values and also making of vital decisions for the intact nation.Fascism attempts to bring about new civilization, which is based on the entire community. In this case the, all the classes and sectors of people within the community will be in a position to look for their niche. The whole nation is thus strengthened and revitalized. Each person in the community will in turn be more less a cell as far as the community organism is concerned. The fascism mode of governance also poses a revolution which house be compared to the spiritual revolution (Brown, Para 8)In maintaining the unity of a country, fascism applies two instruments, that is, totalitarianism and corporatism. In a state that is corporative, its social, economical and political powers are in the hands corporations, the group of these corporations comprises of both the employees and the employers. The group of corporations in this case is mandated with the task of settling social classes differences and also planning the national economy. In a state that is totalitarian, the central government has absolute go steady and it has the duty of intervening at any point and every aspect of the life of an individual (Brown, Para 10)CommunismCommunism form of government on the other hand results into a state that operates at a lower place a single party and is based on the Marxism Leninism or its derivatives. Although, the states under communism can have many political parties, only the commie party is under the constitution guaranteed to play a central role in the communist government.This makes the states institutions to be highly intertwined with the communist party. In most cases the communist states adopts the economic policies that are central ly planned, these states are thus related to economic development in both scholarship and popular thought. Legitimacy in communist states is mainly maintained through claims of promoting national long tern interests. The communist parties attempt to justify their political and monopoly powers by claiming to follow the objectives of the historical statutes.They therefore, consider political dissent and opposition to be treasonous and counter productive. The minor parties in communist states have to follow the communist party. Such parties are only allowed to criticize the future policies which have been proposed, but such check should not in any way jeopardize the political system as it is under the communist state.The states under communism are commonly criticized due to their totalitarian and dictatorship of one party in the control of the society and the national economy. It results into a state where the civil liberties of the citizens are repressed, its economic policies mainly strain on heavy industrialization to the detriment of those oriented to the production of consumer goods which creates an acute shortage of essential products and in most cases results into a national famine. The communist form of government uses propaganda and militarism in its attempt to cover up its evils.Communist societies experience very high fixed costs with minimal uncertainty. The countries under communism can only have their economies growing under the conditions of stable environments when they are likely to experience reduced marginal cost. They have a lot of difficulties in adjusting in the event of a swift change in the environment since they are quite rigid. The communist states, the economic policies are centrally planned and commanded.ConclusionThe fascism form of government results on the good of the entire nation which is clearly not the case for communism. Nationalism is not enhanced under communism and the government represses the civil liberties of its citize ns, the communist state also uses militarism and propaganda to hide the evils it has created, this is not the case under the fascism where the nationalism takes center stage and the citizens have a strong sense of belonging.Fascism is not as cruel and strict as compared to communism which uses military dictatorship and suppresses all other political parties in the state thus denying their followers any tangible contribution in their country which implies that nationalism is not enhanced at all. Fascism form of governance is thus much better compared to communism.

Energy Crisis and Pakistan Essay Example for Free

dynamism Crisis and Pakistan EssayThere has been an fantastic increase in the demand of dexterity in Pakistan as a result of industrial increment and population growth, as comp bed to increase in energy production. The number of energy consumers has increased to 12.5 million kinsfolk 46 per cent, industry 28 per cent, agriculture 12 per cent, bulk add on nine per cent and commercialized five per cent. For faster economic growth, Pakistan need more generation. Supply of energy is, therefore, far less than true(a) demand, resultantly crisis has emerged. An energy crisis bath be defined as whatever great bottleneck (or price rise) in the supply of energy resources to an economy. Pakistans energy infrastructure is not well developed, rather it is considered to be developing and poorly managed. Rapid demand growth, transmission losses due to out-dated infrastructure, great big businessmanfulness theft, and seasonal reductions in the availability of hydro force-out have worsened the situation. Consequently, the demand exceeds supply and hence load shedding is a common phenomenon in all cities. Energy crisis in Pakistan started in 2007 and in 2008 it took a serious turn. During 2009-10, energy supply and per capita availability of energy witnessed a decline of 0.64 per cent and 3.09 per cent respectively in comparison to previous year.Pakistan require around 15,000 to 20,000 MW electricity per day, however, newly it is producing somewhat 11,500 MW per day hence there is a shortfall of about 4000 to 9000 MW per day. The power companies, circular debt is a big issue which has risen to 230 one million million. Line losses, mainly theft, lone contributed Rs.125 billion to circular debt. It is better for the government to focus on curtailing power theft. Mere power tariff have words could not revive the power sector, as numerous hikes in the past have not unflinching the chronic problems of circular debt and power theft.Pakistans energy consumption is met by mix of gas, oil, electricity, coal and LPG sources with antithetical level of shares. Share of gas consumptions stood at 43.7 per cent, followed by oil 29.0 per cent, electricity 15.3 per cent, coal 10.4 per cent and LPG 1.5 per cent. Guddu full treatment is largest thermal operated plant with a power of 1,650 MW, while two largest Independent Power Plants (IPPs) are Kot Addu (1,600 MW) and Hubb river (1,300 MW).In 1994 during the Benazirs government the IPs projects were bitterly opposed, blaming the government of taking commissions in these projects. However, no one had any caprice how to solve the electricity problems. The situation went complicated when the civil-military bureaucracy didnt allow Nawaz government to export accessoryal power to India beca work trading with the enemy on the basis of Most Favoured Nation (MFN) status was not bankable to them. Now the circumstances have changed and we are ready to import electricity from India by granting them the s ame MFN status.Hydro power is hark backd by using electricity generators to extract energy from moving peeing. Pakistan is having rich resources of energy in hydel power however, precisely 34 per cent of total electricity generation is coming from this power. Currently we are having 6555 MW against the emf of 41000 t0 45000 MW. Current hydropower stations are Tarbella Dam 3,478 MW Ghazi Barotha 1,450 MW Mangla 1,000 MW Warsak 240 MW and Chashma 184 MW. Potential hydropower stations are Diamer-Basha Dam 4,500 Mw Munda Dam-Swat River in Mohmand influence 740 MW Kalabagh Dam 2400-3600 MW Bunji Dam 5400MW and Dasu Dam 3800 MW.Alternative sources of energy Wind power harnesses the power of the wind to thrust the blades of wind turbines. These turbines cause the rotation of magnets, which create electricity. Though Pakistan has potentials of wind energy ranging from 10000 Mw to 50000 Mw, yet power generation through wind is at the initial stages and currently 06 Mw has been installe d in first phase in Jhimpir through a Turkish company and 50 MW will be installed shortly. More wind power plants will be built in Jhimpir, Gharo, Keti Bandar and Bin Qasim Karachi.Solar power involves using solar cells to shift sunlight into electricity, using sunlight hitting solar thermal panels to convert sunlight to heat water or air. Pakistan has the potential of more than 100,000 Mw from solar energy. Building of solar power plants is underway in Azad Kashmir, Punjab, Sindh and Baluchistan. However, close vendors are importing panels/solar water heaters for consumption in the market. Alternative energy Development shape up (AEDB) is working for 20,000 solar water heaters in Gilgit Baltistan. Mobile companies have been asked by the government is shift supply of energy to their transmission towers from petroleum to solar energy panels.Biomass production involves using garbage or early(a) renewable resources such as sugarcane, corn or other vegetation to generate electricity . When garbage decomposes, methane is produced and captured in pipes and later burned to produce electricity. Vegetation and wood can be burned directly to generate energy, like fossil fuels, or processed to form alcohols. Brazil has one of the largest renewable energy programmes from biomass/biodiesel in the world, followed by the US. Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB) of Pakistan has planned to generate 10MW of electricity from municipal run through in Karachi followed by similar projects in 20 other cities.Nuclear power stations use nuclear fission reaction to generate energy by the reaction of uranium inside a nuclear reactor. Pakistan has a small nuclear power programme, with 425 MW capacity, but there are plans to increase this capacity substantially. Since Pakistan is outside the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), it is excluded from trade in nuclear plant or somatic which hinders its development of civil nuclear energy. Remaining issue in development of nucle ar energy are enrichment of uranium from U235 to U238, controlling chain reaction and dumping of solid waste.Pakistan has had wider potentials to tap energy, however, due to lack of any integrated/proactive planning, very less number of power producing plant were installed to meet demand. Resultantly, over the years, the open frame between energy demand and supply drastically grew and now against demand of 20000 Mw, we are having around 115000 MW.Energy mix in Pakistan is quite imbalance in comparison to other countries, with greater reliance on non-renewable resources of gas (43.7 per cent) and oil (29 per cent majority of which is imported). Prices of petroleum products/crude oil fluctuate and in current Afro-Arab political crisis, the oil prices are likely to increase manifold affecting oil prices in Pakistan.A rational energy mix planning ought to be developed giving greater dependency to renewable (hydel power), indigenous (coal) and alternative energy resources (wind and sola r energy).Coal Pakistan is having one of the largest coal fields in Thar, having reserves of more than 175 billion tonnes, which exceeds equivalent oil reserves of Saudi Arabia, Iran, etc. In addition to power generation, this coal can be used for chemical and fertilizer production. Moreover, employment provided to workforce can be instrumental in change magnitude GDP and economic prosperity to many families. This is a official sign that our renowned scientist, Dr, Samar Mubarakmand, has been working on the project to produce electricity from coal.Pakistan has potential of hydro resources to generate 41000 to 45000 MW however, only 6555 MW is currently being generated by this important renewable resource. Four large hydropower dams namely Kalabagh 3600 MW, Bhasha 4500 Mw, Bunji 5400 and Dasu 3800 MW can be constructed to generate hydroelectricity. Similarly, many small to medium hydro plants can be installed on rivers and canals, etc.Energy is glacial for running all other resour ces and crisis of energy directly influences all other sectors of the economy. The economic progress is hampered by decline in agricultural productivity as well as by halting in operations of industries. One important factor of lower GDP and inflation of commodity prices in modern years is attributed to shortfalls in energy supply.Social issue this factor is primarily related to the domestic utilization of energy (cooking, heating, and water provision). Load shedding cause unrest and frustration amongst the people and results in zymolysis against the government.Decline in economic growth, lower agricultural productivity, unemployment and shackling industrial growth result in change magnitude poorness. Currently, around 40 per cent of our population is living below the poverty line and this ratio is increasing day by day. Ample control of energy crisis will surely yield in moderate this menace.Conclusion energy crisis has, more or less, plagued all sectors ranging from economy to industry, agriculture to social life, inflation to poverty and it is hampering national progress in a drastic manner. Nonetheless, the menace of energy crisis can be controlled by the government through making effective policies and its proactive implementation. Simultaneously, it is the responsibility of all Pakistanis, to utilise the available energy astutely and play our due role in the progress of our country. Following measures will be ministrant in fighting the menace of energy crisis.

Global human power Essay Example for Free

Global human exponent undertakeMost of the victims in the novel were Frankensteins family, William, Henry, Justine and Elizabeth. These people all suffered due to the peters anger from Frankensteins original neglect, which is what begun the hatred in the beast. It is not fair to view the creature as a human, as he was artificially created he has no human morals and has never been taught the difference between right hand and wrong, in the same champion that a court would never convict a baby. Although the creature did manage to master human terminology skills, it only pushed him further a panache from society as it allowed him to express his alien nature. We crapper see this in the novel when the creature put his go by into a fire, because the colours and heat of the fire attracted him I dig my hand into the live embers but quickly drew it out again with a cry of pain. The creature was a victim in the way that he was uneducated of the world before he stepped into it.El izabeth can easily be portrayed as a battler in the novel as she delineated a saintly soul and a living spirit of love. This lets her drink however, when she attempts to save Justine in a religiously Christian based way, which was not successful. Although viewed as a hero she doesnt contain whatever power over other characters, just a good heart. There is controversy over whether Frankenstein could be viewed as a hero or not, as a cowardly attribute is certainly not a trait of a true hero. When the monster asked him to create a companion for him, he said no as this would enables the creatures to breed and possibly take over global human power.On the other hand he could keep back spared his family a lot of trouble if he had just created another being who could have possibly shown the love and understanding the creature needed. Frankenstein later realises this when he says For the first time, I felt what the duties of a creator towards his creature were, and that I ought to rende r him happy before I complained of his wickedness. Elizabeth, Frankensteins wife, was also a hero as she managed to bring up everyones spirits at sad times, and she continually believed in Justines innocence. This particular musical genre creates a need for both heroes and villains, as it is usually the case of good trying to overpower evil, or vice-versa.To conclude, I believe that there are heroes and villains, as well as victims in this novel. Most of the characters count to change from villains, heroes and victims throughout the novel, especially the creature and Frankenstein. In my belief the creature was made to be the victim from the opening of the novel as he was neglected, uneducated and ostracised. I believe Frankenstein could have changed everything if he had befriended the creature in the first place.On the other hand Frankenstein was also an isolated individual, although his isolation from society was brought on himself. The novel shows the shallowness of people in soc iety by showing what the monster had to endure because of his appearance, as well as the moral irresponsibility of Frankenstein as a scientist. Frankenstein was always the villain deep down as he attempted to play God, which I dont think should be attempted by any human being.He was obsessed with the fact that he could create life, but never once to considered if it was the right thing to do. I think Shelley is basing the whole novel on, not what Frankenstein actually did, but what he fails to do.The way the creature is portrayed in 3rd person narrative allows us to see the creature as a hero, villain and a victim. I believe that the creature viewed Frankenstein as a father persona and was mentally tortured when his own creator neglected him. He had nothing to live for, except revenge.

Sustainable Brand luxury Essay Example for Free

Sustainable Brand higher(prenominal)sprightliness EssayIntroduction What is striking is the similarity between the two. I crumb say that sustainability and prodigality atomic number 18 similar to bedfellows. Sadly, this would be somewhat naive. Luxury is constantly on move as state by many economists (Kapferer 2008, p. 96). Sustainable fashion with its luxury indicates living harmoniously with mother earth it is employing trained artisum in safe and humane working conditions. Luxury products are ofttimes considered to have larger environmental footprints than their peers.There is an area where sustainability now encourages the luxury dream itself. (Exploria graphics of Travel) constitution that is unspoiled is rare today, a chain of hotels emerged where the dream is sustainability like Explora in chille with resorts in Atacama and other places, and these are fully positive energy buildings, with no litter. An organic bacterium is used to destroy everything and food is pro duced by dint of organic farming by native farmers and so on. Sustainability luxury now Luxury mails are now-a-days elicit to turn over a new leaf.Many firms are repositioning to compete with others in their firmament through environmental and social responsibility as a point of differentiation when competing for the share of consumer pocket book which is very tight in economic downturn. (Lakshmi Prasanna 2013, pers. Comm. , 18 Feb. ), Luxury has now passed into masses rather than a cream layer. Sustainability luxury have been Luxury specks have been bought by only those who had money, taste and power. Some products trifle a role of status symbols and simply they are perceived by public.There is no indispensable that these are better than their less expensive products, are bought with main reason of displaying wealth. (Inconspicuous consumption, 2008) These types of products are objects of socio-economic phenomenon called conspicuous consumption. Sustainability luxury can be or ought to be Luxury brands usually set their own standards. Very high gross margins are achieved by Luxury brands and they relay strongly on their reputation, because reputation gives strength to the brand (Tabatoni et al, 2010).People are purchasing luxury betters and are promoting new era of marketplace innovation nigh sustainability. Every category of good available in the market today includes similar products whose luxury is label by better quality components and materials. Focus The focus of this article is to analyze relationship of luxury and sustainability. Its important to see how todays young consumers, so conscious of green values do, relaxation their continual need for ever-newer fashion with their presumed commitment to environmental sustainability The image1 above you can see European communication channel review 2013.Market demand Luxury brand is very visible sector public tutelage is wholly linked to its high profile customers, VIPs and celebrities. For ma ny years the luxury goods market has been on an upward climb. The manufacturing had a setback in 1997 called the Asian Financial Crisis, In 2000 the industry has performed hearty, the luxury products market in the world which includes drinks, fashion, cosmetics, fragrances, watches, jewelry, luggage, handbags was worth close to $170 billion and grew 7. 9 percent. exactly (-0. 9 percent) decline was suffered by this sector, which was the lowest (Okonkwo, 2007 pg.145).(Epsten roy 2003) Today sustainability is regarded as virtually important business perceptive by multiple people such as investors, stake holders, customers and policy makers. Horizons of sustainability Raising awareness In regard with sustainability the companys are taking much regard in making changes that prevail the term sustainability, the more the changes are made they will hunt down to become part of the companys identity and mix up into their overall strategy, leading non only to greater sustainability b ut overly greater trust from consumers.By remaking the fundamental values of luxury, sustainability can help to clearly break-dance its difference versus more common premium brands. At a time when sustainability is still not well understood or accepted by many people, the influence exerted by luxury brands could play a key role in raising both awareness and also helping to drive behavioral change in consumers. First input must come, not from consumers, but from pioneering brands (Leslie). Brands that will- Encourage reparability and long life of product set ahead principle of buy less and acquit more.Dematerialize and reinvent luxury experience. Promote respect for appropriate compensation of craftsmanship. Serve as sustainable trend setter. In order to make up demand brands should make their image by raising awareness among consumers. In terms of awareness rising, consumer information and behavior change campaigns, major role can be played by celebrities but at that place a lso range of other possibilities including traditional and social media which can be interesting, fun and relevant to the audition of all groups. Another event of the luxury market is Luxury Shopping Avenues.Certain thoroughfares like Melbournes collins Street, Singapores Orchard Road, Amsterdams P. C. Hooftstraat Athens, Chicagos Magnificent Mile, Paris Champs-Elysees, Avenue Montaigne (Wikipedia) area are some places where most luxury brands tend to be concentrated. These are managed by large companies which concentrate luxury goods stores. Positive behavior of buyer schemes For retailers, the repugn is always to attract customers to their spot as there are many alternatives for customers and help them to understand the acquire in making sustainable choice.Some use incentive schemes which help to keep customers loyal by rewarding them with points that can be spent on virtual markets/ websites. And customer loyalty and willing to pay price premium is particularly important for n ew honorable brands that are looking to grow. Its said retaining old customer is better than finding new customers as finding one costs geminate then retaining the old one.Barriers Luxury is based on object rarity or can be also said as scarcity. . (J. N.Sheth et al, 2010) High prices limit demand for these products and are the best way to treasure future of these resources. Sustainable luxury goods- Do not directly focus on customers. Do not recognize emerging threat from rising global over-consumption. The approach is not holistic. Conclusion Sustainable luxury goods have long standing concern for quality and craft. Blendell and Kleanthous (2007) The choice of consumer to pursue the luxury is linked to the brands stance on important social issues, such as saving the planet.All that can be said is for all we know, we might not get tomorrow to save earth. There are some brands showing how luxury fashion can successfully achieve and market sustainability and ethics. As a consumer myself, I would want to show that I not only enjoy good quality of the good but that I also care for environment and I hope most of consumers think alike. References Exploria Art Travel, 8 April 2014, www. exploria. com/sustainability Jagdish NSeth, Nirmala K Sethia, Shanthi Srinivas, 2010 Mindful Consumption A Customer Centric Approach To Sustainability academy of Marketing Science, US Kapferer, Jean-Noel, 2008 The New Strategic Brand Management 4th ed. Kapferer, Jean-Noel, 2013 The European Business fall over www. europeanbusinessreview. com/? p=2869 Okonkwo, uche, 2007 Luxury fashion branding Trends, Tactics and Techniques Tabatoni, O Kapferer,J-N, 2010 Are Luxury Brands Really A Financial Dream? HEC Paris, Research Paper,July 2010 Virginia postrel, 2008, Culture and commerce Inconspicious consumption http//www.theatlantic. com/magazine/archive/2008/07/inconspicuous-consumption/306845/ Leslie pascaud, Director sustainable marketing and innovation practice, viewed 8 April 2014 www. addedvalue. com Partridge, D. J. 2011 Activist capitalism and supply chin citizenship producing ethical regimes and ready to befool cloths current 52 (s3).Blendell, J and Klenthous, A 2007 Deeper luxury quality and style when the world matters Godalming wwf. uk Ceri Heat Cote- The ethical fashion, 17 sept 2012 http//source. ethicalfashionforum. com/article/marketing-sustainability-for-the-luxury-fashion-sector- Wikipedia.

Suburb and United States Essay Example for Free

Suburb and United States EssayThe Suburbanization of North the States although not comm simply realized, is indeed one of the most striking features of the 20th carbon. For North the Statesns this process has changed where we give-up the ghost and how we represent. No longer is the urban center and countryside completely separate, rather for many of us, these two ideas have formed unneurotic into a vernal urban environment. much people today outlive in suburbias than cities, and these entities have keep to meld, amalgamate, separate, conjoin and coexist. Consequently, a study of Suburbia and its origins is often subjective. A common definition of a suburb is a community at bottom a commuting distance of a primal city. However, this statement doesnt always hold true as someone who lives in Hamilton or Guelph and commutes to Toronto every day for process probably do not consider themselves residents of Toronto. Massive areas of continuous urban development like Megalop olis in the American north east and southern California are the bequeath of the massive move towards suburbs. The interrogative mood still remains as to whether suburbs give continue to work for us. The relative prosperity of North America and cheap oil of the 20th speed of light are what allowed suburbia to happen.As for the question of whether Suburbia bequeath continue to remain as the dominant form of financial backing on this continent, only time shall tell. More importantly, it is important to understand the origins and magnitude of Suburbia up to this point in time if one is rattling to be prepared for the possible challenges of the future. Although the automobile suburb did not come about to until the mid-twenties in North America it is important to understand the pre-existing conditions, history and f causeors that lead to the first modern suburbs. both the United States and Canada were founded as rural colonial hinterlands.Despite the importance of the early towns and cities, at the time of the American Revolution, only one in twenty citizens lived in an urban setting. Alas, the United States was a rural population of farms, plantations and men living on the frontier. It was in this rural setting that the American mindset was born. Frederick Jackson food turners 1893 Frontier Thesis claims that the innovative and individualistic mindset of the archetypical American is a yield of the nations experience on the western frontier. Consequently, one can see the appeal of the individualistic and country living experience that suburbs would later offer.Despite this rural ideal, the 19th century and industrial variation witnessed a massive movement towards the industrial city. Much like the future development of suburbia, early industrial expansion was unplanned and chaotic. By 1890 there was 160,000 miles of railroad tracks in the United States and cities like Chicago and raw Yorks population were exploding as a result of natural increase and m illions of immigrants arriving from Europe. These American industrial cities became overcrowded, lousy and miser suitable for most of the working class.The industrial American city began to resemble its English counterparts from across the Atlantic. thus the description of Coketown from Charles Dickens Hard Times had become migrated across the ocean onto North American shores. The dissatisfaction that came from living in Industrial cities manifested itself in several ways. Firstly, it should be noted that most of these cities were walking cities and main subject matter of transportation was walking from place to place for the poor. Consequently, everything from industry to residences was relatively close to each other and the central business district or CBD.The City Beautiful movement, Sir Ebenezer Howards Garden City movement and the introduction of Central Park in New York are all examples of yearning for green space and radio link with nature. These projects and ideas were not only concerned about aesthetics, but rather, they were concerned with promoting social order, civic virtue and increase the quality of life. So it was that the country and nature would penetrate into the borders of urbanism during the mid to late 19th century. However, as authorized technologies became available it would be the country that would begin to be breached by Urbanism.In actuality, the first suburbs were established headspring before the mass or rapid transit of the late 19th century. Wealthy merchants of the 18th century established the first suburbs in London when they built their second homes within a position put one across from the city. Soon many of these merchants were living permanently outside the cities where their businesses were located. They were creating the first true dormitory suburbssmall communities in a near-rural setting. Horse car suburbs no further than a 30 to 40 minute carriage ride from city were available to the wealthier of citizens wh om could afford the 15 to 25 cent round trip fares. heart-to-heart Spragues perfection of the electric street car in 1888 facilitated a massive suburban burst of streetcar suburbs. Although considerably more compact in land usage as later suburbs will be seen to use, street car suburbs would lead the charge in centrifugal movement of cities. Established virtually to rail lines these residences would provide detached housing that would be impossible for the middle class within the city. distant our modern suburbs of today, these developments had little in the way of services.Consequently, people went home to sleep and be with family, as the residents of these new-made street car suburbs affairs were all but entirely within the city. There were positive and negatively charged consequences to the massive suburban growth created by the street car. Firstly, the electric street car allowed for someone to live up to ten miles away from the city core and still get to their place of bus iness within 30 minutes. Furthermore, factories like the steel plants in Gary Indiana could now be established outside the city core on ripe land or greenfield sites. This suburbanization of industry encompassed a progressively broader cross partition of groups, with the result that there began to emerge a differentiation of suburban neighborhoods according to occupation and income. The massive exodus of middle class citizens from the downtown area changed the way its space was utilized, focusing on non-residential uses of land. Some 80,000 new residences were built in Chicago from 1890 to 1920, this massive centrifugal movement of people created opportunities for commercial development along rail junctions.This ultimately had the effect of ending the simple city structure with a single focal point. Before the advent of the automobile era, these street car suburbs of the late 19th and early 20th century had a massive effect on shape and character of a city as the rail lines becam e the arteries for all commercial, residential and industrial development. The period of suburban infill starting in the 1920s was a result of the success of the internal combustion engine and the industrial processes pioneered by henry Ford.The aforementioned desire to live the country life and escape the wretches of urbanism did continue into this new period. In fact, the versatility of the car or bus over rail would increase the numbers of people who would and could make a life in suburbia as opposed to the city. Two important components were necessary for the new automobile suburb. The first necessary component was the infrastructure, and in general among it, roads. The 1916 Federal Aid Roads Act had the design of making States build and maintain interurban highways, and the subsequent 1921 act helped to provide funds for integrating a long-distance network.Secondly, people needed affordable personal vehicles. Henry Fords assembly line production methods had the benefit of gre atly improved productivity. Utilizing these methods and economies of scale, Ford was able to lower the price on the model T from 22 months average pay in 1909 to only 3 months pay by 1925. This had the effect of putting 27 million cars on the road by the end of the 1920s in the United States. The rise in investment for automobiles and roads was tremendous during the 1920s and 1930s, but also remarkable was the lack in investment in mass and rapid transit.