'Itt221 Week 1 Research Assignment Part 1\r'

'Research Assignment, Part One Brandon Kelly IT221 †E-2 F alone 2011 instructor: Stephen Todd 12-17-2011 move 1 †Why does Windows horde 2008 fall in different translations? What is the signifi squeeze outce of each magnetic variation? Most editions of Windows emcee 2008 ar obtainable in x86-64 and IA-32 versions. Windows emcee 2008 for Itanium-based Systems concentrates IA-64 processors. Microsoft has optimized the IA-64 version for eminent-workload scenarios like informationbase master of ceremoniess and Line of line of chore (LOB) occupations. As much(prenominal) it is not optimized for use as a consign legion or media operater.\r\nMicrosoft has announce that Windows host 2008 is the last 32-bit Windows server wreak establishment. Windows master of ceremonies 2008 is available in the editions listed below, similar to Windows innkeeper 2003. • Windows legion 2008 ensample (IA-32 and x86-64) Windows host 2008 stock is one and only(a) o f Microsofts presentation level server straitings (alongside Windows electronic cyberspace innkeeper 2008) and is one of the least expensive of the various editions available. Both 32-bit and 64-bit versions argon available, and in terms of ironw atomic number 18 Standard var. aids up to 4GB of RAM and 4 processors.\r\nWindows waiter 2008 is primarily targeted and small and mid-sized production linees (SMBs) and is ideal for providing field of force, web, DNS, remote gate, print, file and activity program serve. behave for clustering, however, is notably absent from this edition. An upgrade lane to Windows host 2008 Standard is available from Windows 2000 server and Windows host 2003 Standard Edition. • Windows horde 2008 first step (IA-32 and x86-64) Windows waiter 2008 opening Edition appends great functionality and scal susceptibility than the Standard Edition.\r\nAs with Standard Edition twain 32-bit and 64-bit versions ar available. Enhancements include sanction for as m either as 8 processors and up to 64GB of RAM on 32-bit bodys and 2TB of RAM on 64-bit systems. extra features of the Enterprise edition include support for clusters of up to 8 nodes and Active Directory Federated function (AD FS). Windows emcee 2000, Windows 2000 Advanced server, Windows innkeeper 2003 Standard Edition and Windows waiter 2003 Enterprise Edition may all be upgraded to Windows master of ceremonies 2008 Enterprise Edition. • Windows Server 2008 Datacenter (IA-32 and x86-64)\r\nThe Datacenter edition represents the aggrandizement finis of the Windows Server 2008 convergence range and is targeted at mission critical enterprises requiring stability and high up condemnation levels. Windows Server 2008 Datacenter edition is tied closely to the underlying ironware through with(predicate) the implementation of custom Hardware stimulus generalisation Layers (HAL). As much(prenominal), it is currently only attainable to aim Dat acenter edition as part of a hardware purchase. As with other versions, the Datacenter edition is available in 32-bit and 64-bit versions and supports 64GB of RAM on 32-bit systems and up to 2TB of RAM on 64-bit systems.\r\nIn addition, this edition supports a minimum of 8 processors up to a maximum of 64. Upgrade paths to Windows Server 2008 Datacenter Edition are available from the Datacenter editions of Windows 2000 and 2003. • Windows HPC Server 2008 (Codenamed â€Å"Socrates”) (replacing Windows forecast Cluster Server 2003) Windows HPC Server 2008 R2, the Microsoft third-generation HPC solution, provides a all-around(prenominal) and cost-effective solution for harnessing the power of high- writ of achievement computing.\r\nOut-of-the-box, foremost performance, and scalability enable governances of all sizes to rapidly position solutions ranging from face-to-face HPC workstations to large clusters spanning thousands of nodes. Customers empennage lower bo th(prenominal) their in operation(p) and capital costs. Windows HPC Server 2008 R2 integrates easily with existing IT nucleotide to enable end users to access HPC resources victimization long-familiar Windows-based techno put downies. With a tightly integrated lop of dedicated cluster and parallel development tools, anchored around opthalmic Studio 2010, developers jackpot build robust and climbable HPC applications easily and quickly.\r\nWindows HPC Server 2008 R2 is complemented by a productive ecosystem of SI, ISV, and OEM partners to ensure that customers have access to the applications of their choice and the resources take to successfully run them. • Windows Web Server 2008 (IA-32 and x86-64) Windows Web Server 2008 is essentially a version of Windows Server 2008 designed primarily for the purpose of providing web serve. It includes lucre training go (IIS) 7. 0 along with associated go such as Simple Mail shipping Protocol (SMTP) and Telnet. It is availabl e in 32-bit and 64-bit versions and supports up to 4 processors.\r\nRAM is limited to 4GB and 32GB on 32-bit and 64-bit systems respectively. Windows Web Server 2008 wants many of the features present in other editions such as clustering, BitLocker drive encryption, multipath I/O, Windows Internet ap presentment Service (WINS), Removable Storage circumspection and SAN caution • Windows Storage Server 2008 (Codenamed â€Å"Magni”) (IA-32 and x86-64) stripped-down tuition found. • Windows trivial Business Server 2008 (Codenamed â€Å"Cougar”) (x86-64) for small businesses Minimal information found. Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-based Systems Windows Server 2008 R2 for Itanium-Based Systems delivers an enterprise-class platform for deploying business-critical applications. collection plate entropybase, line-of-business, and custom applications to meet growing business take aims. Windows Server 2008 R2, SQL Server 2008 R2 and the current 2010 line-up of our Developer Tools, plus associated . NET frameworks, exit be the last iterations in each product line to support the Intel Itanium processor and associated OEM server platforms. Windows Server 2008 Foundation (Codenamed â€Å"Lima”) Windows Server 2008 R2 Foundation is a cost-effective, entry-level engineering science foundation targeted at small business owners and IT generalists supporting small businesses. Foundation is an inexpensive, easy-to-deploy, proven, and reliable technology that provides organizations with the foundation to run the most prevalent business applications as tumesce as helping information and resources. Server amount is available in the Web, Standard, Enterprise and Datacenter editions. It is not available in the Itanium edition.\r\nServer force is simply an alternate installation option back up by some of the editions, and not a break dance edition by itself. Each architecture has a separate installation DVD. The 32-bit version of Windo ws Server 2008 Standard Edition is available to verified students for poverty-stricken through Microsofts DreamSpark program. Question 2 †What are the new features or enhancements made to Windows Server 2008? How is Windows Server 2008 different from Windows Server 2003? substance OS improvements • Fully multi-componentized operate system. • change hot patching, a feature that allows non- bosom patches to occur without the need for a reboot. Support for being booted from protr fleckile Firmware Interface (EFI)-compliant firmware on x86-64 systems. • high-voltage Hardware Partitioning o Support for the hot-addition or replacement of processors and computer storage, on capable hardware. Active Directory improvements • Read-only public ascendances (RODCs) in Active Directory, intend for use in stage office or other scenarios where a knowledge domain controller may reside in a low somatogenic protective cover purlieu. The RODC holds a non-writ eable copy of Active Directory, and redirects all write attempts to a Full Domain Controller. It replicates all accounts except crank ones. citation needed][clarification needed] In RODC expressive style, credentials are not cached by default. moreover, only the replication partner of the RODC involve to run Windows Server 2008. [clarification needed] Also, local administrators ignore log on to the appliance to perform maintenance tasks without requiring administrative overcompensates on the domain. • Restar display board Active Directory allows ADDS to be stopped and restarted from the Management Console or the command-line without rebooting the domain controller. This precipitates downtime for offline operations and reduces boilers suit DC servicing requirements with Server Core.\r\nADDS is implemented as a Domain Controller Service in Windows Server 2008. insurance policy related improvements • All of the assort Policy improvements from Windows Vista are in cluded. Group Policy Management Console (GPMC) is built-in. The Group Policy objects are indexed for search and can be commented on. • Policy-based networking with Network advance Protection, improved branch management and heighten end user collaboration. Policies can be created to ensure greater Quality of Service for veritable applications or operate that require prioritization of network bandwidth between client and server. chondritic password settings within a single domain †ability to implement different password policies for administrative accounts on a â€Å"group” and â€Å"user” basis, alternatively of a single set of password settings to the hearty domain. Disk management and file storage improvements • The ability to resize hard disk partitions without stopping the server, line up the system partition. This applies only to simple and spanned volumes, not to mark volumes. • Shadow Copy based block-level backup which supports o ptical media, network shares and Windows Recovery Environment. DFS enhancements †SYSVOL on DFS-R, Read-only Folder counterpunch Member. There is overly support for domain-based DFS name quadrangles that exceed the antecedent size recommendation of 5,000 folders with targets in a namespace. • some(prenominal)(prenominal) improvements to Failover Clustering (High-availability clusters). • Internet Storage Naming Server (iSNS) enables central registration, deregistration and queries for iSCSI hard drives. Protocol and cryptography improvements • Support for 128- and 256-bit AES encryption for the Kerberos authentication protocol. New cryptography (CNG) API which supports oviform curve cryptography and improved certificate management. • arrest Socket Tunneling Protocol, a new Microsoft proprietary VPN protocol. • AuthIP, a Microsoft proprietary extension of the IKE cryptographic protocol used in IPsec VPN networks. • Server Message Block 2 . 0 protocol in the new TCP/IP gage provides a number of communication enhancements, including greater performance when connecting to file shares over high-latency links and give out security through the use of mutual authentication and subject matter signing. Miscellaneous improvements Windows Deployment serve replacing Automated Deployment Services and Remote Installation Services. Windows Deployment Services (WDS) support an enhanced multicast feature when deploying operating system images. • Internet Information Services 7 †Increased security, Robocopy deployment, improved diagnostic tools, delegated administration. • Windows Internal Database, a variant of SQL Server transport 2005, which serves as a everyday storage back-end for several other components such as Windows System choice theatre director, Windows SharePoint Services and Windows Server Update Services.\r\nIt is not intended to be used by third-party applications. • An optional â€Å" backcloth Experience” component provides the same Windows Aero user port as Windows Vista, both for local users, as well as remote users connecting through Remote Desktop. Question 3 †Why is 64-bit architecture an advantage? Advantages of 64-bit hardware and software Memory placeability Physical retrospect A 32-bit system architecture can directly terminus only a 4-GB address space. A 64-bit system architecture that is running a 64-bit edition of Windows Server can support up to 1,024 GB of both physical and addressable memory.\r\n practical(prenominal) memory The 64-bit editions of Windows Server can address 16 terabytes of practical(prenominal) memory by using a flat addressing model. Virtual memory is divided equally between practical(prenominal) address space for applications and the operating system. Even 32-bit applications can benefit from increased virtual(prenominal) memory address space when they are running in a 64-bit milieu. For example, although a 32- bit application is still restricted to 4 GB of virtual memory, it no longer has to share that memory space with the operating system. As a result, it receives an effective increase in available virtual memory. Continuous memory\r\nPoor performance in 32-bit systems is a good deal not the result of a lack of available memory, but the unavailability of large comme il faut blocks of continuous memory. In a typical Windows SharePoint Services 3. 0 deployment, Windows, Internet Information Services (IIS), common language runtime (CLR), ASP. NET, SharePoint Products and Technologies, SSPs, and MDACs can all claim a portion of a server’s available virtual memory and can leave a 32-bit address space quite fragmented. When the CLR or SharePoint services request new memory blocks, it can be difficult to find a 64-MB segment in the crowded 32-bit address space.\r\nA 64-bit system offers a great deal interminable address space for user mode processes. Better parallel processing A ser ver that is using 32-bit architecture is limited to 32 CPUs. Improvements in parallel processing and bus architectures enable 64-bit environss to support as many as 64 processors and provide almost linear scalability with each additional processor. blistering bus architecture A 64-bit architecture provides much and full(a)r general-purpose registers, which contribute to greater overall application speed.\r\nWhen there are more registers, there is slight need to write persistent data to memory and then have to read it back exclusively a few instructions later. Function calls are in addition faster in a 64-bit environment because as many as four arguments at a time can be passed in registers to a function. More secure The 64-bit editions of Windows Server offer the following(a) enhanced security features: Buffer outpouring protection A buffer zone overflow occurs when a data buffer is congested with more data than it is designed to handle. In 64-bit editions of Windows Serve r, the first parameters of a surgical operation call are passed in registers.\r\nAs a result, it is little likely that the buffer will overflow, because the correct values have to be set up in registers and the variables and addresses have to be aligned on the stack. Data execution protection The 64-bit processors made by AMD and Intel include hardware support for data execution prevention (DEP). Windows Server uses DEP to prevent malicious edict from being able to execute, even when a buffer overrun occurs. Even without a processor that supports DEP, Windows Server can detect code that is running in memory locations where it should not be. pip Guard\r\nMicrosoft Patch Guard technology prevents non-Microsoft programs from patching the Windows kernel. This technology prevents kernel mode drivers from extending or replacing kernel services, including system service dispatch tables, the interrupt descriptor table (IDT), and the global descriptor table (GDT). Third-party software is also prevented from allocating kernel stacks or patching any part of the kernel. Better scalability In a 64-bit environment, not only can database servers gain nearly unlimited virtual memory address space, but they also gain support for more physical memory.\r\nIt is possible for a 64-bit server that is running 64-bit editions of Windows Server and SQL Server to get very large working data sets entirely into RAM, thereby improving performance and scalability. In addition, the number of application servers that are required to support a given user base can be substantially reduced because a 64-bit environment does not require worker processes to cycle as often. This reduced cycling results in fewer baffled connections, improved I/O handling, and a better user experience. Lower total cost of self-will\r\nAll the benefits of 64-bit operation that are listed in the forward sections enable you to do more with less. A 64-bit environment allows you to manage more data, serve more user s, and run more applications while using less hardware. By reducing hardware, you are also able to reduce license, operations, and infrastructure costs. It takes up less floor space in your data center and costs less to maintain. Finally, because a Windows SharePoint Services 3. 0 farm that uses 64-bit hardware and software provides more room for growth, you can sink less over time on equipment because the animation cycle of your equipment is likely to be longer.\r\nQuestion 4 †Explain the new features of Windows Server 2008, such as Server Core, Virtualization, and PowerShell. What is the role of these features and how will they improve cogency in administering Windows? Server Core Windows Server 2008 includes a variation of installation called Server Core. Server Core is a significantly scaled-back installation where no Windows explorer shell is installed. All configuration and maintenance is do entirely through command line larboard windows, or by connecting to the mac hine remotely using Microsoft Management Console.\r\nHowever, Notepad and some control panel applets, such as Regional Settings, are available. Server Core does not include the . NET Framework, Internet Explorer, Windows PowerShell or many other features not related to stub server features. A Server Core machine can be tack togetherd for several introductory roles: Domain controller/Active Directory Domain Services, ADLDS (ADAM), DNS Server, DHCP Server, file server, print server, Windows Media Server, IIS 7 Web server and Hyper-V virtual server.\r\nServer Core can also be used to create a cluster with high availability using failover clustering or network load balancing. Andrew Mason, a program manager on the Windows Server team, noted that a primary motif for producing a Server Core variant of Windows Server 2008 was to reduce the attack surface of the operating system, and that slightly 70% of the security vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows from the prior quint years woul d not have affected Server Core. Hyper-V Hyper-V is hypervisor-based virtualization software, forming a core part of Microsofts virtualization strategy.\r\nIt virtualizes servers on an operating systems kernel layer. It can be thought of as partitioning a single physical server into multiple small computational partitions. Hyper-V includes the ability to act as a Xen virtualization hypervisor host allowing Xen-enabled guest operating systems to run virtualized. A beta version of Hyper-V shipped with certain x86-64 editions of Windows Server 2008, prior to Microsofts release of the final version of Hyper-V on 26 June 2008 as a free download.\r\nAlso, a standalone version of Hyper-V exists; this version only supports the x86-64 architecture. patch the IA-32 editions of Windows Server 2008 cannot run or install Hyper-V, they can run the MMC snap-in for managing Hyper-V. Server tutor Server Manager is a new roles-based management tool for Windows Server 2008. It is a combination of Ma nage Your Server and guarantor Configuration Wizard from Windows Server 2003. Server Manager is an improvement of the Configure my server dialog that launches by default on Windows Server 2003 machines.\r\nHowever, rather than serve only as a starting point to configuring new roles, Server Manager gathers together all of the operations users would want to conduct on the server, such as, getting a remote deployment method set up, adding more server roles etc. , and provides a consolidated, portal-like picture about the status of each role. Windows Powershell Windows PowerShell is Microsofts task mechanisation framework, consisting of a command-line shell and associated scripting language built on top of, and integrated with the . NET Framework.\r\nPowerShell provides full access to COM and WMI, enabling administrators to perform administrative tasks on both local and remote Windows systems. Question 5 †What is a Read Only Domain Controller (RODC) and what are its advantages? W hat are the security and administrative issues addressed by a RODC? A read-only domain controller (RODC) is a new type of domain controller in the Windows Server 2008 operating system. With an RODC, organizations can easily deploy a domain controller in locations where physical security cannot be guaranteed.\r\nAn RODC hosts read-only partitions of the Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) database. Before the release of Windows Server 2008, if users had to authenticate with a domain controller over a wide area network (WAN), there was no real alternative. In many cases, this was not an efficient solution. pegleg offices often cannot provide the adequate physical security that is required for a writable domain controller. Furthermore, branch offices often have poor network bandwidth when they are attached to a hub site. This can increase the amount of time that is required to log on.\r\nIt can also stay access to network resources. Beginning with Windows S erver 2008, an organization can deploy an RODC to address these problems. As a result, users in this situation can receive the following benefits: • Improved security • Faster logon times • More efficient access to resources on the network shortsighted physical security is the most common suit to consider deploying an RODC. An RODC provides a way to deploy a domain controller more securely in locations that require fast and reliable authentication services but cannot ensure physical security for a writable domain controller.\r\nHowever, your organization may also discern to deploy an RODC for special administrative requirements. For example, a line-of-business (LOB) application may run successfully only if it is installed on a domain controller. Or, the domain controller force be the only server in the branch office, and it may have to host server applications. In such cases, the LOB application owner must(prenominal) often log on to the domain controller i nteractively or use Terminal Services to configure and manage the application. This situation creates a security try that may be unacceptable on a writable domain controller.\r\nAn RODC provides a more secure mechanism for deploying a domain controller in this scenario. You can grant a non-administrative domain user the right to log on to an RODC while minimizing the security take chances to the Active Directory forest. You might also deploy an RODC in other scenarios where local storage of all domain user passwords is a primary threat, for example, in an extranet or application-facing role. References †Works Cited â€Å"AD DS: Read-Only Domain Controllers. ” Microsoft TechNet: Resources for IT Professionals. Web. 7 Dec. 2011. â€Å"Windows Server 2008. ” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 12 Dec. 2011. Ward10/08/2007, Keith. â€Å"Top 10 Overlooked Windows Server 2008 Features, Part 2 — Redmond Developer News. ” Powering the Windows comput er software Revolution — Redmond Developer News. Web. 03 Jan. 2012 â€Å"Windows Server 2008 Editions and System Requirements †Techotopia. ” Main summon †Techotopia. Web. 05 Jan. 2012. â€Å"Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Editions. ” Web. 03 Jan. 2012. â€Å"Windows PowerShell. ” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 01 Jan. 2012.\r\n'